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Internal dose, biological monitoring

The calculation of potential total dermal exposure of mixer-loaders and re-entry workers using dosimetry data and calculation of the internal dose using biological monitoring data is complex but will be discussed briefly. [Pg.1020]

Unchanged compounds or metabolites in blood and urine can be used to monitor human exposure to some carbamates. Table 5 shows some biological indices of internal dose used to monitor carbamate exposure. Urine carbamate metabolites may provide a good estimate of the internal dose because the half-life of most compounds is very short, samples collected soon after the end of the exposure are preferable for analysis (WHO, 1986). [Pg.7]

There is a growing need to better characterize the health risk related to occupational and environmental exposure to pesticides. Risk characterization is a basic step in the assessment and management of the health risks related to chemicals (Tordoir and Maroni, 1994). Evaluation of exposure, which may be performed through environmental and biological monitoring, is a fundamental component of risk assessment. Biomarkers are useful tools that may be used in risk assessment to confirm exposure or to quantify it by estimating the internal dose. Besides their use in risk assessment, biomarkers also represent a fundamental tool to improve the effectiveness of medical and epidemiological surveillance. [Pg.16]

In this part of the study, the internal dose of propoxur was assessed for HV applicators (n = 9) and harvesters (n = 18) using biological monitoring in two trials. In the first trial, workers wore their normal work clothing, followed by a trial where the same workers wore additional protective clothing. The minimum period between the two trials was 5 days. [Pg.67]

Jongeneelen FJ, van Leeuwen FE, Oosterink S, et al. 1990. Ambient and biological monitoring of cokeoven workers determinants of the internal dose of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. British J Indust Med 47 454-461. [Pg.481]

The biological monitoring of lead exposure in paediatric and adult human populations has usually involved one of two approaches (1) measurement of the internal or systemic dose of lead itself in some indicator medium, or (2) quantification of some subcritical effect of lead. The extent to which biological monitoring in humans accurately states both exposure risk and relative health risk remains the subject of much research. Of particular interest are (1) the biokinetic characteristics of the common indicators of exposure, (2) the development and use of kinetic models of lead metabolism, and (3) the relative merits of the use of biological effect indicators versus measurement of the toxicant in some medium. [Pg.129]

Biomarkers for internal close of the intoxicant—dose monitoring. Bioniarkers for early biological changes following exposure— effect... [Pg.328]

Considering the multi-route and multimedia exposure of pesticides, the exposure assessment can be considered from three aspects (i) external (or potential) dose, (ii) internal or absorbed dose and (iii) biologically active dose. The external dose measurements determine the potential exposure of individuals or population. It involves a proper monitoring of the exposed environment, including air, water, food consumptions and workplace environment, to achieve an accurate quantification of the potential exposure of individuals. This kind of monitoring does not give information about the absorption of pesticides into the body. [Pg.436]


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