Stainless steels intergranular corrosion

Several ASTM standards address the susceptibility of alloys to intergranular corrosion. Stainless steels are tested for sensitization by immersion in different boiling adds according to ASTM A262 (76). Similar tests are described in ASTM G28 for Ni-rich Cr-bearing alloys (77). ASTM A262 also describes an electrolytic etch test in oxalic add, which can be used to screen prior to the more lengthy immersion tests. [Pg.715]

Other methods of metal powder manufacture are also employed for specific metals. Selective corrosion of carbide-rich grain boundaries in stainless steel, a process called intergranular corrosion, also yields a powder. [Pg.182]

Addition of niobium to austenitic stainless steels inhibits intergranular corrosion by forming niobium carbide with the carbon that is present in the steel. Without the niobium addition, chromium precipitates as a chromium carbide film at the grain boundaries and thus depletes the adjacent areas of chromium and reduces the corrosion resistance. An amount of niobium equal to 10 times the carbon content is necessary to prevent precipitation of the chromium carbide. [Pg.26]

Many instances of intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) of stainless steel and nickel-based alloys have occurred in the reactor water systems of BWRs. IGSCC, first observed in the recirculation piping systems (21) and later in reactor vessel internal components, has been observed primarily in the weld heat-affected zone of Type 304 stainless steel. [Pg.195]

Embrittlement embrittlement and for improperly heat treated steel, both of which give intergranular cracks. (Intercrystalline penetration by molten metals is also considered SCC). Other steels in caustic nitrates and some chloride solutions. Brass in aqueous ammonia and sulfur dioxide. physical environments. bases of small corrosion pits, and cracks form with vicious circle of additional corrosion and further crack propagation until failure occurs. Stresses may be dynamic, static, or residual. stress relieve susceptible materials. Consider the new superaustenitic stainless steels. [Pg.254]

Some of the most obvious examples of problems with gas and materials are frequently found in refining or petrochemical applications. One is the presence of hydrogen sulfide. Austenitic stainless steel, normally a premium material, cannot be used if chlorides are present due to intergranular corrosion and subsequent cracking problems. The material choice is influenced by hardness limitations as well as operating stresses that may limit certain perfonnance parameters. [Pg.447]

Figure 4-428. Intergranular corrosion of sensitized (improperly annealed) stainless steel. (From Ref. [185].)...

Intergranular Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels (Section 3.3)... [Pg.40]

Fig. 1.8(a) Intergranular precipitation of chromium carbide particles in a sensitised austenitic stainless steel and the consequent chromium-depleted zones adjacent to the grain boundaries, (b) variation of the chromium content across a grain boundary in a sensitised austenitic stainless steel (l8Cr) and (c) intergranular corrosion of a sensitised austenitic stainless steel... [Pg.42]

In practice, three methods are available for preventing sensitisation and intergranular corrosion of austenitic stainless steels ... [Pg.43]

A more detailed treatment of sensitisation of austenitic stainless steels, of intergranular corrosion of austenitic stainless steels without sensitisation, and of sensitisation and intergranular corrosion of ferritic stainless steels and high-nickel alloys, is given by Cowan and Tedmon . [Pg.43]

Levin, LA. and Maksimova, G. F., Effect of Cold Work on the Tendency Towards Intergranular Corrosion of Type 18-8 Stainless Steel, Khim Mashinosiroenie, 5, 35 (1%1) C.A., 56, 3219... [Pg.198]

Stickler, R. and Vinckier, A., Electron Microscope Investigation of the Intergranular Corrosion Fracture Surfaces in a Sensitised Austenitic Stainless Steel , Corros. Sci., 3, 1 (1963) von Schwenk, W. and Buhler, H.-E., Beoboshtungen an einem Kornzerfallsen falligen Austenitischen Cr-Ni-Stahl im Aktivzustand , Corros. Sci., 3, 145 (1963)... [Pg.199]

Doshi, C. P. and Austin, W. W., Effect of Grain Size on Carbide Precipitation and Intergranular Corrosion in AISI Type 201 Stainless Steel , Corrosion, 21, 332 (1965)... [Pg.199]

Osozawa, K., Bohenkamp, K. and Engell, H. J., Potentiostatic Study on the Intergranular Corrosion of an Austenitic Cr-Ni Stainless-steel , Corros. Sci., 6, 421 (1966)... [Pg.199]

Ceilings, P. J. and de Jongh, M. A., Grain Boundary Oxidation and the Chromium-depletion Theory of Intercrystalline Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels , Corros. Sc/., 7,413 (1967) Armijo, J. S., Impurity Adsorption and Intergranular Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steel in Boiling HNOj-KjCrjO, Solutions , Corros. Sci., 7, 143 (1967)... [Pg.200]

Bond, A. P. and Lizlovs, E. A., Intergranular Corrosion of Ferritic Stainless Steel , J. Elec-irochem. Soc., 115, 233C (1968)... [Pg.200]

Ward, C. T., Mathis, D. L. and Staehle, R. W., Intergranular Attack of Sensitised Austenitic Stainless Steel by Water Containing Fluoride Ions , Corrosion, 25, 394 (1969)... [Pg.200]

Hill, B. and Trueb, L. F., Resistance of Explosion-bonded Stainless Steel Clads to Intergranular Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking , Corrosion, 25, 23 (1969)... [Pg.200]

France, W. D. and Greene, N. D., Some Effects of Ex(>erimental Procedures on Controlled Potential Corrosion Tests of Sensitised Austenitic Stainless Steel , Corros. Sci., 10,379(1970) Tedmon, C. S. (Jr.), Intergranular Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steel , J. Electrochem. Soc., 118, 192(1971)... [Pg.200]

Hodges, R. J., Intergranular Corrosion in High Purity Ferritic Stainless Steel. Isothermal Time-Temp. Sensitisation Measurements , Corrosion, 27, 164 (1971)... [Pg.200]

Wilson, F. G., Mechanism of Intergranular Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steel , Br. Corros. J., 6, 100 (1971)... [Pg.200]

Gizhermo, R. and Khristo, E., Effect of the Deoxidation Method on the Intercrystalline-corrosion Tendency of Cr-Ni Austenitic Steels , Melalurgiye, 5, 17 (1972) C.A., 80, 98898y Joshi, A. and Stein, D. F., Chemistry of Grain Boundaries and its Relation to Intergranular Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steel , Corrosion, 28, 321 (1972)... [Pg.201]