Interferons commercially available

Yeast expression vectors have been among those most commonly used since the beginning of gene technology. Vectors based on baker s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have been especially popular for robust expression of many types of recombinant proteins [90]. For instance, the first commercially available recombinant vaccine, the hepatitis B surface antigen vaccine, was produced from an S. cerevisiae vector [91]. Many other recombinant proteins have also been efficiently expressed in yeast including al-Antitrypsin [92], insulin [93], Epstein-Barr virus envelope protein [94], superoxide dismutase [95] and interferon-a [90]. 

ITABLE 7.3. Commercially available preparations of human interferon... 

Mayorga C, Lnqne G, Romero F, et al. (1999). Antibodies to commercially available interferon-beta molecnles in mnltiple sclerosis patients treated with natnral interferon-beta. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 118 368-371. 

Since the first product, the recombinant kallilcrein inhibitor ecallantide (KALBITOR , Dyax, USA), was approved by the FDA in 2009, several more followed, mainly being peptides and small proteins. Antibodies and fragments thereof are currently in clinical trials awaiting approval [154]. Several more biopharmaceutical products such as insulin, interferon-alpha 2b, and hepatitis B vaccine are on the market in India and other Asian countries [155]. Apart from biopharmaceuticals, a range of industrial enzymes, among them phytase, nitrate reductase, or lipase, are commercially available. Direct information on the production process is mostly not available, but it can be concluded from journal and patent literature that mostly the AOXl promoter is used in these cases, and other expression systems like the GAP promoter are applied as well. In total, approximately 70 products are on the market, and a list can be found at http // www.pichia.com/science-center/commercialized-products/ [156]. 

Several of these IFNs of mouse and human lymphocytes and fibroblasts are available commercially and have been best prepared in quantity by recombinant DNA procedures because they are produced in very small amounts by the cells. The commercial materials do not generally require further purification for their intended purposes. [Pestkas, Interferons and Interferon standards and general abbreviations. Methods Enzymol, Wiley Sons, 119 1986, ISBN 012182019X Lengyel, Biochemistry of interferons and their actions, Ann Bev Biochem 51 251-282 7982 De Maeyer and De Maeyer-Guignard, Interferons in The Cytokine Handbook, 3rd Edn, Thomson et al. Eds, pp. 491-516 7998 Academic Press, San Diego, ISBN 0126896623.]... 

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