Interfacial analysis

Figure 1. Sample geometry used in the preparation of specimens for interfacial analysis.

The description of a colloid should include particle size, mobility, charge and their distributions, charge/mass ratio, electrical conductivity of the media, concentration and mobility of ionic species, the extent of a double layer, particle-particle and particle-substrate interaction forces and complete interfacial analysis. The application of classical characterization methods to nonaqueous colloids is limited and, for this reason, the techniques best suited to these systems will be reviewed. Characteristic results obtained with nonaqueous dispersions will be summarized. Physical aspects, such as space charge effects and electrohydrodynamics, will receive special attention while the relationships between chemical and physical properties will not be addressed. An application of nonaqueous colloids, the electrophoretic development of latent images, will also be discussed. 

Schepers E., Ducheyne R, and De Clercq M. 1989. Interfacial analysis of fiber-reinforced bioactive dental root implants. /. Biomed. Mater. Res. 23 735-752. 

Schepers, E., Ducheyne, P., De Clercq, M., Interfacial Analysis of Fibre-Reinforced Bioactive Glass Dental Root Implants, J. Biomed. Mat. Res. 23 (1989) 735—752. 

Orlando, FL., Fall 1996, p.ll. 012 QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF ATR AND PHOTOACOUSTIC STEP-SCAN FT-IR AND INTERFACIAL ANALYSIS OF POLYMERIC FILMS Urban MW... 

Dallas, Tx., Spring 1998, p.18-9. 012 MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SURFACE AND INTERFACIAL ANALYSIS OF POLYMERS AND COATINGS ATR, STEP-SCAN PHOTOACOUSTIC, FT-IR/FT-RAMAN IMAGING Urban M W... 

There are relatively few well-documented examples of interfacial primary bonding in the literature but it is possible to find examples in the areas of organic coatings on steel, metallized plastics and adhesion promoters. As the following examples will show, the exact definition of the chemistry resulting from primary bond formation at the interface has only become possible with the advent of surface analysis techniques. Such investigations rely heavily on XPS and ToF-SIMS for interfacial analysis. 

The measurements of electrochemical impedance, voltammetric (po-larographic) analysis, and spectroelectrochemistry represent a basis for analysis of molecules of biological significance in bulk of solution and at interfaces. These principles are reviewed in the first four chapters. The next three chapters demonstrate how these principles are utilized in voltammetric and interfacial analysis of biomacromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, and viruses in vitro, in the development of biosensors with electrochemical transducers and in in vivo voltammetry. The last two chapters of this volume are devoted to the principles of electrophoresis used for separation analysis of biomolecules and to the theoretical principles and practical description of the patch-clamp technique to an extent suitable for those wishing to initiate research in electrophysiology. 

This chaper presents typical examples of the electrochemical and other interfacial analysis of biomacromolecules, i.e. nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides and their complexes. The goal of this article is not, however, to present a complete summary of the results of electrochemical and interfacial analysis of biomacromolecules so far obtained. The principal examples of the electroanalysis of biomacromolecules are intended to demonstrate a significant potential of electroanalytical and interfacial techniques in biochemistry, molecular biology and biophysics. Therefore, analytical aspects of electrochemical and other interfacial activities of biomacromolecules and their components are described preferentially. 

Urban [7] studied the quantitative aspects of alternated total reflectance and photoaconstic step-scan FT-IR and interfacial analysis of polymeric films. There are significant implications arising from the ability to stratify polymer surfaces and interfaces using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and photoacoustic step-scan FT-IR spectroscopy. Theoretical concepts and... 

J. A. Bishopp, Novel surface and interfacial analysis techniques as aids to the development of new, high fracture toughness film adhesives, Int. J. Adhesion Adhesives 3, 153-161 (1984). 

Fig. 4.10 Depth profile of one monolayer of Ag buried between 100 nm of evaporated Si and 300 nm of evaporated Si on a Si substrate to illustrate taking advantage of cascade mixing from the primary ion beam for quantitative interfacial analysis (Cameca IMS 3f with an 8 keV O2 beam)...

Riviere JC, Myhra S. Handbook of Surface and Interfacial Analysis Methods for Problem-Solving. 2nd ed. New York CRC Press 2009. 

Ikemura, K. et at (2003) Bonding mechanism and ultrastructural interfacial analysis of a single-step adhesive to dentin. Dent. Mater., 19 (8), 707—715. 

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