Interactions and Selectivity Manipulation

Hydrophobie interaction is one main secondary interaction that influences the selectivity of boronate affinity. Boronate ligands used in affinity materials are usually aromatic boronic acids. In addition, some support materials contain hydrophobic groups. These factors can give rise to hydrophobic interactions or aromatic n-n interactions, which can cause the nonspecific adsorption of analytes like proteins. Hydrophobic interaction can be reduced or eliminated by ehoosing hydrophilic support materials and/or hydrophilic 

Coordination interaction is also a factor that needs to be considered. Because a trigonal uncharged boronate contains a boron atom with an empty orbital, this can serve as an electron receptor for a coordination interaction. In addition to the previous report that unprotonated amines and carboxyl groups can serve as electron donors and thus can coordinate with boronic acids, the coordination of Lewis bases [e.g., fluoride ion) with boron can also occur, which can enhance the complexation between cis-diol-containing compounds and boronic acids. However, if there is a hydroxy group adjacent to the amine [e.g., ethanolamine), this hydroxy group can also interact with the boronate, which would block esterification between the boronate ligand 

Interaction type Changing boronate affinity materials Changing binding buffer composition 

Boronate affinity Use high affinity ligand (boronic Increase pH, add Lewis 

Ionic interaction Use B-N coordinated molecular team, B-N coordinated boronic acid or B-O coordinated boronic acid Increase ionic strength 

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