Interaction between aluminum and

Tan K, Keltjens WG. 1990a. Interaction between aluminum and phosphorus in sorghum plants. 2. Studies with the aluminum tolerant sorghum genotype SC0283. Plant Soil 124 25-32. 

J.C. Viala, P. Fortier, and J. Bouix, Stable and Metastable phase equilibria in the chemical interaction between aluminum and silicon carbide. J. Mater. Sci. 22, 1842-1850 (1990). 

Most interesting are the selectivity differences between an alumina phase and a strongly basic anion exchanger with quaternary ammonium groups. In comparison with a conventional anion exchanger, halide ions, for example, are eluted in reverse order I-< Br < Cl < F. This order corresponds to the formation constants of aluminum halide complexes [46], which suggests an interaction between aluminum and halide ions within the A1203 structure. 

Interaction Between Aluminum and Phosphate in Aqueous Solution... 

More detailed information on the Al/thiophene system can be obtained from data on studies of the interaction between aluminum and an oligothiophene, a-sexi-thienylene (a-6T). The two main advantages in using a model system like a-6T are (I) the lack of aliphatic side chains that can obscure the C( l.s) signal from the carbon... 

C. Fredriksson and J. L. Bredas, Metal/conjugated polymer interfaces a theoretical investigation of the interaction between aluminum and trans-polyacetylene oligomers, J. Chem. Phys. 98 4253 (1993). 

ToF-SIMS has been used in a similar manner, in the work of Shimizu et al. (2010) to identify the specific interaction between aluminum and polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyante (PMDI). A series of ToF-SIMS spectra from the region of nominal mass m/z = 102 u is shown in Fig. 10.16, and the spectra have been peak-fitted which is not a standard practice in ToF-SIMS (first demonstrated by Abel et al. 2009), although it is readily accomplished using standard XPS software such as CasaXPS (CasaXPS 2009). These range from a concentrated solution ( Fig. 10.16a, 5 v/v%) through to a dilute solution and the bare aluminum substrate ( Fig. 10.16e and/j respectively). For the two most concentrated solutions Pig- and b)... 

In the many reports on photoelectron spectroscopy, studies on the interface formation between PPVs and metals, focus mainly on the two most commonly used top electrode metals in polymer light emitting device structures, namely aluminum [55-62] and calcium [62-67]. Other metals studied include chromium [55, 68], gold [69], nickel [69], sodium [70, 71], and rubidium [72], For the cases of nickel, gold, and chromium deposited on top of the polymer surfaces, interactions with the polymers are reported [55, 68]. In the case of the interface between PPV on top of metallic chromium, however, no interaction with the polymer was detected [55]. The results concerning the interaction between chromium and PPV indicates two different effects, namely the polymer-on-metal versus the metal-on-polymer interface formation. Next, the PPV interface formation with aluminum and calcium will be discussed in more detail. 

Cocker KM, Hodson MJ, Evans DE, Sangster AG. Interaction between silicon and aluminum in Triticum aestivumL. (cv. Celtic). Israel JPlant Sci 1997 45 285-292. 

Augustynski J, Berthou H, Painot J (1976) XPS study of interactions between aluminum metal and nitrate ions. Chem Phys Lett 44 221-224... 

Dannetun P, Boman M, Stafstrom S, Salaneck WR, Lazzaroni R, Fredriksson C, Bredas JL, Zamboni R, Taliani C (1993) The chemical and electronic structure of the interface between aluminum and polythiophene semiconductors. J Chem Phys 99(l) 664-672 Ahn H, Whitten JE (2003) Vapor-deposition of aluminum on thiophene-terminated self-assembled monolayers on gold. J Phys Chem B 107(27) 6565-6572 Fisher GL, Flooper A, Opila RL, Jung DR, Allara DL, Winograd N (1999) The interaction between vapor-deposited A1 atoms and methylester-terminated self-assembled monolayers studied by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared reflectance spectroscopy. J Electron Spectrosc Relat Phenom 98-99 139-148... 

HF is weakly ionized (pH <3.2), and soluble alumino-fluoro complexes are formed resulting in the presence of aluminum ions in the treated water and lowering of the active sites. At near neutral pHs, the uptake of fluoride is maximum. Assuming that the pHpzc of AA is about 8-9 as reported in several literatures, then at near neutral pHs the active sites consist of = AI-OH (protonated) and = AI-OH (non-protonated) aluminol sites. The interaction between fluoride and the protonated aluminol sites leads to the formation of inner-sphere complexes and elimination of water. The reaction can be represented by... 

Complex formation between olefins and Lewis acids has been demonstrated in a number of cases, e.g., isobutene and titanium tetrachloride (66), butene-2 and boron trifluoride (67—69), propylene and aluminum bromide (70), stflbene and various Lewis acids (71), styrene and stannic chloride (72), and in similar systems (73). Monomer-catalyst Ji-complex formation occurs during the polymerization of styrene or a-methyl styrene with chloroacetic acids (74,75). All these complexes are usually very weak and only stable at low temperatures. Evans contends (76) that isobutene and boron trifluoride do not interact because no polymerization occurs in the absence of moisture and therefore he postulates that BF3 HaO is the primary species. This does not rule out the possibility of a weak interaction between isobutene and the Lewis acid. Indeed, Nakana et al. (77) found direct evidence for the existence of boron trifluoride-propene complexes at low temperatures. 

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