Inter-polyelectrolyte complexes

Recently, Perro et al. [55] reviewed the developments in the field of Janus particles over the last 15 years, describing various strategies to obtain Janus-type particles using polymer precursors. One strategy is based on the self-assembly of ABC terpolymers in bulk [56, 57] or in solution [58], Another uses the electrostatic interactions of AB and CD diblock copolymers, which lead to inter-polyelectrolyte complexes [59], A different synthetic concept is to obtain Janus particles made of inorganic materials, e.g., acorn-like particles made of PdSx-CogSg [60] or... 

Polyanions and polycations can co-react in aqueous solution to form polyelectrolyte complexes via a process closely linked to self-assembly processes [47]. Despite progresses in the field of (inter-) polyelectrolyte complexes [47] (IPEC from Gohy et al. [48], block ionomer complexes BIC from Kabanov et al. [49], polyion complex PIC from Kataoka and colleagues [50, 51], and complex coacervate core micelles C3M from Cohen Stuart and colleagues [52], understanding of more complex structures such as polyplexes (polyelectrolyte complexes of DNA and polycations) [53] is rather limited [54]. It has also to be considered that the behavior of cationic polymers in the presence of DNA and their complexes can be unpredictable, particularly in physiological environments due to the presence of other polyelectrolytes (i.e., proteins and enzymes) and variations in pH, etc. 

Peigushov DV et al. Novel water-soluble micellar inter-polyelectrolyte complexes. J Phys Chem B 2003 107(32) 8093-8096. 

A more detailed study of the phase diagram of the polyelectrolyte complex must take into account the non-electrostatic interactions between the two polymers characterized by the Flory interaction parameter %. This inter-... 

Insoluble polychelates separate when an aqueous solution of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) is added to an aqueous solution of Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) [30]. Tetrahedral arrangements were found for Co(II) and Ni(II). But homogeneous complex solutions can also be obtained as was shown by controlling the composition of an inter-polyelectrolyte of poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) and poly(acrylamide-co-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) with... 

Ageev YP, Kotova SL, Zesin AB, Skori-kova EE (1995), PV - Membranes based on polyelectrolyte complexes of Chitosan and Poly-(acrylic acid), Proc. of 7th Inter-nat. Conferences on Pervaporation Processes, Reno, Nevada (R. Bakish, ed.) Englewood, NJ 52. 

Interpolymer, polymer-surfactant, and coordination complexes of polybetaines are less developed. The cascade -type complexation observed for the polybetaine-polyelectrolyte system is similar to the layer-by-layer deposition found for oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. The behavior of the polybetaine-surfactant system differs from that of polyelectrolyte-surfactant and polyampholyte-surfactant complexes, leading to inter- or intramolecular comicellization or converting the whole macromolecule to either a polycation or polyanion. 

Inter-Poly electrolyte and Surfactant Complexes of Cylindrical Polyelectrolyte Brushes... 

Anoflier interesting effects are flie changes of a polyelectrolyte in binary solvents. The complex inter and intramolecular interactions that take place due to the presence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic structural units in the macroion can modify the balance of the interactions and for this reason can change flie solubility. ... 

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