Dimethyldiallylammonium chloride

Cationic monomers are used to enhance adsorption on waste soHds and faciHtate flocculation (31). One of the first used in water treatment processes (10) is obtained by the cyclization of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride in 60—70 wt % aqueous solution (43) (see Water). Another cationic water-soluble polymer, poly(dimethylarnine-fi9-epichlorohydrin) (11), prepared by the step-growth... 

Molecular weights of polymers that function as bridging agents between particles are ca 10 —10. Ionic copolymers of acrylamide are the most significant commercially (see Acrylamide POLYMERS). Cationic comonomers include (2-methacryloyloxyethyl)trimethylammonium salts, diethyl aminoethyl methacrylate [105-16-8], and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride [7398-69-8], anionic comonomers include acryUc acid [79-10-7] and its salts. Both types of polyacrylamides, but especially the anionic, can be more effective in the presence of alum (10,11). Polyetbylenimine and vinylpyridine polymers, eg, po1y(1,2-dimethy1-5-viny1pyridiniiim methyl sulfa te) [27056-62-8] are effective but are used less frequentiy. 

The most important polyamine with cyclic amine ring on the main chain, is poly(dimethyldiallyammonium chloride) (DMDAC) (13). Due to its cationic charges, poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) can... 

E. Staples, I. Tucker, J. Penfold, R.K. Thomas, and D.J.F. Taylor Organization of Polymer-Surfactant Mixtures at the Air-Water Interface Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Poly Dimethyldiallylammonium Chloride. Langmuir 18, 5147 (2002). 

DNA has been embedded in LbL films by assembling with polycations like PLL, polyethyleneimine (PEI), and poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDAD) [38-42]. Zhang showed that the DNA released from the film with synthetic degradable polyamine is transcriptionally viable [41]. DNA molecules can keep their structure when incorporated in the film with synthetic polymers [39], making films with DNA suitable candidates for gene delivery. 

The particularities of molecular dynamics and local organization of micellar phase of complexes were formulated on the example of complexes of polyacrylic (PAA), polymethacrylic (PMAA) acids and polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) with dodecyl- (DTAB), tetradecyl- (TTAB and cetyltrimethylammonium (CTAB) bromides, and also of poly-N,N -dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDAC) and poly-N-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide (PEVP) with sodium dodecylsulfate (SDD) (formulas of polymers are presented in Scheme 2). 

Sol-gels containing electroactive species have been used in the development of both amperometric and potentiometric electrodes. Films coated with anionic poly-(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDMDAAC) and cationic poly(vinylsulfonic acid) were used to concentrate Ru(bpy)3 + and the hexacyanoferrate anion, respectively, for use as amperometric electrodes [208a]. The detection limit by square-wave voltammetry improved by up to 50-fold compared with uncovered electrodes. In Figure 41, curve 1 corresponds to a bare graphite electrode, curve 2 to a sol-gel-covered electrode and curve 3 to a sol-gel-PDMDAAC-modified electrode after 10 min of exposure to Fe(CN)g. ... 

Li, Y. Dubin, P.L. Spindler, R. Tomalia, D.A. Complex formation between poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) and carboxylated starburst dendrimers. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 8426-8428. 

Between Poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) and Globular Proteins... 

Turbidimetric Titrations. Poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDMDAAC), a commercial sample "Merquat 100" from Calgon Corp. (Pittsburgh, PA) with nominal molecular weight 2 x 10 and reported polydispersity of Mw/Mn = 10, was dialyzed and freeze-dried before use. All proteins were obtained from Sigma Chemical Corp. Solutions were... 

Dubin P. L., Murrell J. L. Size distribution of complexes formed between poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) and bovine serum albumin. Macromolecules 1988 21 2291-2293. 

Wen Y.-R, Dubin P. L. Potentiometric studies of the interaction of bovine serum albumin and poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride). Macromolecules 1997 30 7856-7861. 

Xia J, Dubin PL, Dautzenberg H. Light-scattering, electrophoresis, and turbidimetry studies of bovin serum-albumin poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) complex. Langmuir 1993 9 2015—2019. 

The formation of cyclic structures during the polymerization processes had led to many interesting and useful polymers. Aqueous solution of N,N-dimethyl-3,4-dimethylenepyrrolidinium bromide were found to polymerize spontaneously at 60°C. The polymerization occurs by a 1,4-addition and the polymer product has properties very similar to that of poly(N,N-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride). High molecular weight polymers were obtained with monomer concentrations of 40-50%. Higher monomer concentrations yielded insoluble gels. 

Butler (7), however, has developed one of the most interesting and effective industrial cationic polymers by free radical polymerization of N,N-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (DMDAC). The polymerization process involves an intra-intermolecular cyclopolymerization which results in a polymer which was originally reported to have a 6-membered piperidinium ring as a repeating unit in the polymer chain (8). 

We conducted a C NMR study (9) of a 6-membered quaternary ammonium monomer model, a 5-membered quaternary ammonium model (a hydrogen reduced derivative of N,N,3,4-tetramethyl-3-pyrroli-dinium bromide) and poly(N,N-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride). The spectral data indicated that poly(N,N-dimethyldiallylammon-ium chloride) is composed of 5-membered rings rather than the 6-membered system. A similar study was carried out by Lancaster et. al. (13) and analogous results were obtained. 

Subsequently, we were able to completely reduce the unsaturated 5-membered poly(N,N-dimethyl-3-pyrrolidinium bromide) to yield completely saturated 5-membered rings. The NMR of this reduced polymer material gave a spectrum that was the same as that obtained from poly(N,N-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) which unequivocally shows that the cyclopolymerization produces... 

Insoluble polychelates separate when an aqueous solution of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) is added to an aqueous solution of Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) [30]. Tetrahedral arrangements were found for Co(II) and Ni(II). But homogeneous complex solutions can also be obtained as was shown by controlling the composition of an inter-polyelectrolyte of poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) and poly(acrylamide-co-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) with... 

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