Intelligent structure

Intelligent structures are smart structures that have the added capability of learning and adapting rather than simply responding in a programmed manner, and this is usually accomplished by inclusion of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) into the stmcture (Figure 10.2). 

FIGURE 10.2 Venn diagram showing relationship between smart and intelligent structure. 

IR or MS and does not easily distinguish between a monomer and a dimer. NMR is found to be most precious for the identification of P-containing additives. It should be realised that high investments are needed for a universal artificial intelligence structural identification software package based on NMR, MS and IR (Chemical Concepts/Spec Info). 

Despite a lot of posturing the electron of chemistry is still the electron of Lewis [53], untouched by quantum electrodynamics (QED). The lip service paid to wave mechanics and electron spin, even in elementary chemistry textbooks, does not alter the fact that the curly arrow of chemistry signifies no more than redistribution of negative charge. By holding out the prospect of an intelligible structure of the electron, quantum mechanics created the expectation that chemistry could be reduced to a subset of physics, explaining all chemical interactions as quantum effects. The result of this unfulfilled... 

Luger GF. Artificial intelligence Structures and strategies for complex problem solving, 5th Edition. Boston Addison-Wesley, 2005. 

The method of assembly is also important as it determines the physical form of the materials. A wide variety of synthesis and processing methods now exist that can be manipulated to produce materials in forms that can be integrated into truly intelligent structures. 

Fig. 1.6. Scheme of smart material structure. (1) adaptive structure, (2) controlled, (3) active, (4) intelligent structure... 

The constitution is often desired, however, for all non-repetitive biomolecules or synthetic compounds although, for the latter, the chemist mostly has some preknowledge about the compound in question. HSQC [29], COSY [7], TOCSY [9], and HMBC [31] experiments are the experiments of choice for such molecules. They reflect the connectivities of atoms in the molecule from which the constitution can be derived. With correlation spectra as discussed in Sect. 2.2, connectivity information is obtained. With an intelligent structure builder like Cocon [53], an especially powerful program, that takes the connectivity information and the rules of bonding between atoms into account, all constitutions that are in agreement with the provided correlation data are proposed. These are frequently more than one. Chemical-shift information can be used in addition to single out the most probable constitution. To use chemical shift information, data bases, ab initio calculations, or neuronal networks are available. As an example, the ascididemin constitution has been derived from connectivity information as well as with chemical shifts derived from neuronal networks Fig. 22) [25]. 

More sophisticated versions of SMPs are those based on the so-called cold hibernated elastic memory as self-deployable intelligent structures (Sendijarevic, 2003). This technology is based on polyurethane foams whereby shape memory effect is combined with elastic recovery of the foam, thus allowing them to be packed into the smallest possible form and inserted into the body via catheters. Given the foam s excellent biocompatibility, porosity, and lightness, they can potentially be used in many other forms, e.g., orthopaedic braces and splints, vascular and coronary crafts, as well as other equally vital prosthetics and implants. 

In the near future, many countries in the world will have to start disposal of wastes with a higher concentration of radioactive waste than has been disposed until now. Moreover, aging of many concrete structures such as dams, water supply facilities, and underground foundation structures is likely to progress. Only 200 years have elapsed since the development of cement concrete, but with mankind s intelligence, structures with a durability in the order of tens of thousands of years are not impossible to build. 

Smart skins load-carrying structural elements with integrated avionics (antennae), which can be either a sensory, active, adaptive or even intelligent structure, depending on its term of use. 

Wada, B.K. and Das, S. Application of adaptive structures concepts to civil structures. Intelligent Structures-2, Ed. Wen, Y.K., Elsevier (1992)... 

The immense revenue potential inherent in order and material throughput. In this area we alone are responsible for its intelligent structuring and professional handling. 

Carpi F, De Rossi D, Kombluh R, Pelrine R, Sommer-Larsen P (2008) Dielectric elastomers as electromechanical transducers fundamentals, materials, devices, models and apphcations of an emerging electroactive polymer technology. Elsevier, Oxford/Amsterdam Chee CYK, Tong L, Steven GP (1998) A review on the modelling of piezoelectric sensors and actuators incorporated in intelligent structures. J htteU Mater Syst Struct 9 3-19 Chopra 1 (2002) Review of state of art of smart structures and integrated systems. AIAA J 40 2145-2187... 

Luger, G.F. and Stubblefield, W.A. (1993) Artificial Intelligence, Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving, Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Harlow, 1000 pp. 

But even when applying such intelligent structure-optimization methods one often has to perform maybe even several millions of total-energy calculations for a given cluster. Therefore, it is often necessary to use approximate total-energy methods, that then shall be chosen carefully according to the properties of the system of interest. In this presentation we have discussed... 

Adhesive bonding technology used in civil engineering and intelligent structure systems (a) FRP plated RC beam (b) PZT smart plate... 

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