What Are Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

FIGURE 1.1 An intelligent material the surface of polypyrrole (as seen with an electron microscope) in the shape of a human brain. The intelligent material, similar to our brain, processes information from sensors to actuate an appropriate response, and is supported by energy conversion/storage systems. 

No matter what definition we employ, the underlying feature that differentiates intelligent materials from more conventional ones is their dynamic character. Without such character, there can be no intelligence. However, this character must be controllable, and the time frame within which it responds must be appropriate if truly intelligent behavior is to be realized. If it is too slow, it may have no practical application. If it is too fast, it may be useless, or even dangerous. 

There is little doubt that intelligence is more demonstrable when physical processes such as motion (mechanical activity) are apparent. However, we should remember that in complex systems such as living entities, motion is a physical manifestation of activity at the molecular and electronic levels. Similarly, motion resulting from the application of an external force causes changes both at the molecular and electronic levels within a material. 

However, again, there is the underlying fundamental requirement that the creation of intelligent material systems must involve the identification of molecular systems whose chemical and electrical properties can be manipulated and controlled. 

To continue to operate effectively, the material may be required to learn, grow, and even decay in a fashion determined by the operational environment. What is 

---