Integral CEMS

The biberty (Fig. 10), a monomode microwave reactor for automated SPPS, was recently introduced by the CEM Corporation [153]. Although this instrument was originally developed for SPPS, it also allows for a broader scale of solid-phase applications. The solid-phase vial is equipped with a polypropylene frit and cap at one end (the entire assembly fitting into the standard 10 mb CEM reaction vessel) to allow the processing of 0.1 to 1.0 mmol quantities of resin attached substrates. An integrated fiber optic probe provides... 

The Fourier transform of the correlation functions Cem(x) and Cabs(x) are the emission (Sem) and absorption (Sabs) spectra, respectively Sem = jdxCem(x)exp(-icox) the integration limits are (-00,-1-00),... 

A micro-evaporator can also be attached to modem microwave digesters and are designed to reduce the acid solutions to a low or even a dry state. The principle is that samples are exposed to microwave energy under vacuum to accelerate volume reduction. An auto-detect feature of the CEM MAR 5 system is that a detector is installed to inform the operator when the evaporation is complete and automatically stops operation. Acid fumes are neutralised by an integrated vapour scmbber system. 

One or more full TIVM compressor/expander prototypes will be fabricated by Mechanology and tested across the full operating range. Modifications will be made as necessary to optimize performance. Subsequently, a high efficiency electric motor will be integrated with the TIVM to form a complete compressor/expander/motor (CEM) component. 

The supply rates of the liquid were eontrolled in the range from 0.05 to 1 g/h by a so-called p-Flow mass-flow meter (Bronkhorst, High-Teeh B.V.). At room temperature, the liquid was drawn from a pressurised container with an inert gas blanket and measured by the liquid mass-flow meter. The required flow rate was controlled to the set-point value by a control valve (C), forming an integral part of the liquid flow and earner gas mixing valve (M). The formed mixture was subsequently led into the evaporator to achieve total evaporation (E). This explains the abbreviation of CEM , shown in Fig. 1, viz. Controller-Evaporation-Mixing, the three basic functions of the liquid delivery system. The main features of this liquid delivery system are a) accurately controlled gas/liquid mixture, b) fast response, c) high reproducibility, d) very stable vapour flow, and e) flexible selection of gas/liquid ratio. 

Recognize that while a lot can be done within single departments and agencies, a lot more cem be accomplished through cross-departmental integration of effort... 

This microreactor enabled a highly enantioselective reaction for a racemic amino acid derivative. The integration of enzyme microreactor (CLEA-CEM) and microextractor provided efficient continuous production of optically pure amino acids. 

FIGURE 1.4 Example of a commercial microwave reactor with an integrated camera. Source Acknowledgment is given to CEM Corporation for the generous loan of the microwave reactor for the construction of this text. 

Commission on Ecosystem Management (CEM) 400 members provide guidance on integrated ecosystem approaches to ecosystem management. 

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