Ecosystem approach

An Ecosystem Approach to Aquatic Ecology Likens, G. E., Ed. Springer-Verlag New York, 1986 p 516. 

Bardgett, R. D. (2005). The Biology of Soil A Community and Ecosystem Approach. Oxford Oxford University Press. 

Rasmussen L., Brydges T., and Mathy P. (1993) Experimental Manipulations of Biota and Biogeochemical Cycling in Ecosystems Approach, Methodologies, Findings. Ecosystem Research Report 4, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels. 

Gillis, A.M. The New Forestry. An Ecosystem Approach to Land Management. BjCjScj ence 1990,40 558-562. 

Bogomolov, D.M., Chen, S.K., Parmelee, R.W., Subler, S. and Edwards, C.A. (1996) An ecosystem approach to soil toxicity testing a study of copper contamination in laboratory soil microcosms. Applied Soil Ecology, 4, 95-105. 

We believe that an ecosystem approach as outlined above will provide more detailed insight into the function of aquatic humic substances in lakes than can studies based on chemical analyses alone. 

The Committee on Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems examines key concepts and techniques, common factors In successful restorations, threats to the health of ecosystems, approaches to evaluation of restoration projects, and emerging specialties. 

Apitz, S.E., Elliott, M., Eountain, M. Galloway, T.S. (2006) European environmental management moving to an ecosystem approach. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 2(1), pp. 1-6. 

Sediment contact tests are biological methods for the determination of toxic effects induced by whole sediments in direct contact with test organisms, taking into account all possible pathways of contaminant uptake (particle contact, food, pore water). Sediment contact tests are highly relevant in order for an ecosystem approach to consider the actual bioavailability of contaminants sufficiently. 

MacKenzie, Susan Hill (1996). Integrated Resource Planning and Management The Ecosystem Approach in the Great Lakes Basin. Washington, DC Island Press. 

Permanent measuring stations/permanent observation sites, including ecosystem approaches... 

For the comparative screening of chemicals, and in particular for legal purposes, there is a need for standardised and reproducible methods, and present community and ecosystem approaches do not showthese features. Therefore legal testing procedures are based mainly on single-species testing, even if relatively complex end-points are often required (chronic effects, fertility studies, etc.). 

Mor Barak, M. E. (2000b). The inclusive workplace An ecosystems approach to diversity management. Social Work, 45(4), 339-352. 

While several researchers have attempted mass balances for mercury in rivers and lakes [74,75,93,94], none have attempted to collect quantitative mercury measurements with a whole-ecosystem approach. The purpose of the study was to examine a complete set of mercury fluxes in the BDW Lake basin. A detailed explanation of the mass balance model, mass flux equations and the calculation of error is available in other publications [86,92]. 

As the demand for aquatic products continues to increase and the supply of wild stocks is diminishing, it is important that aquaculture embraces the ecosystem approach to management just as the fisheries sector has done. In Parts 2 and 3 of the book we describe the culture of species that either currently rely upon wild juveniles for their production or have done so until recently. 

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