Insulin Control

Clinical utility takes the concept a step further and shows that the patient s medical outcome is favorably influenced by knowledge of the diagnostic test. An example would be that the tight insulin control that is only possible with frequent home blood glucose monitoring has a positive impact on delay of complications of diabetes. FDA does not require that a demonstration of clinical utility be performed in support of submissions but does... 

Hormones are intercellular messengers. They are typically (1) steroids (e.g., estrogens, androgens, and mineral corticoids, which control the level of water and salts excreted by the kidney), (2) polypeptides (e.g., insulin and endorphins), and (3) amino acid derivatives (e.g., epinephrine, or adrenaline, and norepinephrine, or noradrenaline). Hormones maintain homeostasis—the balance of biological activities in the body for example, insulin controls the blood glucose level, epinephrine and norepinephrine mediate the response to the external environment, and growth hormone promotes normal healthy growth and development. 

Diabetic ketoacidosis Diabetic ketoacidosis may result from stress, illness, or insulin omission, or may develop slowly after a long period of insulin control. Hvperglucaqonemia, hyperglycemia, and ketoacidosis may result. ... 

As these accounts show, people s self-esteem and sense of integrity are deeply connected to their ability to control their personal problems. The people I spoke with had difficulty accepting fully the idea that emotional illnesses are no different from physiological problems such as heart disease or diabetes. It may be comforting to hear that antidepressant medications correct chemical imbalances in the brain just as insulin controls diabetes. But most of those I interviewed assigned different meanings to mental and physical conditions. When asked directly, they affirmed that psychiatric drugs are far more likely than other medications to make them feel bad about themselves ... 

Diabetic ketoacidosis may result from stress, illness, omission of insulin dose, or long-term poor insulin control. 

Reagent preparation dilute the enzyme conjugate concentrate (11 x) with 10 parts of enzyme conjugate buffer. Dilute insulin controls with 0.6 ml of distilled water. Dilute wash buffer concentrate with 20 parts distilled water. 

The present chapter has several aims. The first is to describe the glucose-insulin control system in a fashion that includes the most important physiological and biochemical processes governing the glucose metabolism. The second is to demonstrate how biosimulation models can be built and to show the quantitative arguments behind the setup of model equations. The third is to use these biosimulation models to reveal critical mechanisms in the glucose handling and to relate these mechanisms to experimental and clinical problems. 

As previously mentioned, the glucose-insulin control system is often regarded as a simple system to keep the plasma glucose concentration within narrow limits. In this context it has been compared to technical control systems and described by simple, often linear or linearized models. Section 6.2 of this chapter gives an outline of classic control and underlines some of the peculiarities of biological control systems. 

The analysis reveals that the glucose-insulin control system functions as a regulator of the flux of nutrients - not only glucose - between the different organs in a smooth, controlled manner. In this control, the nervous system has an important... 

The features of the hepato-portal system together with the previous mentioned integral control supports the concept that the glucose-insulin control system is not so much a control of plasma glucose concentration as a system that controls the nutrient fluxes after a meal. 

Evans GW. 1989. The effect of chromium picolinate on insulin controlled parameters in humans. Int J... 

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