Mineral corticoid

Hormones are intercellular messengers. They are typically (1) steroids (e.g., estrogens, androgens, and mineral corticoids, which control the level of water and salts excreted by the kidney), (2) polypeptides (e.g., insulin and endorphins), and (3) amino acid derivatives (e.g., epinephrine, or adrenaline, and norepinephrine, or noradrenaline). Hormones maintain homeostasis—the balance of biological activities in the body for example, insulin controls the blood glucose level, epinephrine and norepinephrine mediate the response to the external environment, and growth hormone promotes normal healthy growth and development. 

An example of the importance of enzymatic modification of hormones for the tissue specificity of hormone action is the effect of the mineral corticoid aldosterone in the presence of a large excess of the glucocorticoid cortisol. Aldosterone regulates the Na -export and K -retention in the kidney by binding on the aldosterone receptor. 

Cholesterol is an important metabolic compound occurring in membranes and lipoproteins. It is also a precursor to bile acids and steroid hormones. The steroid hormones have only small structural differences which cause major differences in functions. This group includes progesterone, testosterone, mineral corticoids, glucorticoids (cortisol), and others. The body has the ability to synthesize and redistribute cholesterol. The main organ that synthesizes cholesterol is the liver. The amount of cholesterol synthesized by the body can be two to three times or more the amount ingested. Cholesterol is not an essential nutrient and can be made in the body from simple compounds via acetyl CoA. 

Screened for mineral-corticoid receptor antagonistic activity. 

Hyperkalemia may be caused by increased supply (infusion, blood transfusion, medicaments), shift of potassium from the intra- to the extracellular space (in postoperative or posttraumatic states or following bums), or impaired elimination in severe renal insufficiency accompanied by an extremely reduced glomemlar filtration rate as well as in deficiency of aldosterone (Addison s disease) or other mineral corticoids. 

Drug Half-life (hr) Equivalent dose (mg) Anti- inflammatory potency Mineral corticoid potency Na+- retalning potency... 

Sterols are a class of lipids that consist of a steroid and an alcohol. The most physiologically abundant sterol in humans is cholesterol, which is an integral part of the plasma membranes, confaring the fluidity of the lipid bilayer. Due to its amphipathic nature, cholesterol is an important structural component of cell membranes and the outer layer of plasma lipoproteins. Cholesterol plays an essential role both in the structure of cells and as a precursor to corticosteroids, mineral corticoids, bUe acids, vitamin D, and sex hormones such as testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone. As excess free cholesterol has cytotoxicity in cells, it is estrailied to a fatty acid to become a cholesteryl ester, a neutral form of cholesterol. Cholesteryl esters can be stored in the hpid droplets of cells without cytotoxicity, and therefore cholesterol esterification is increased whrai free cholesterol content in cells becomes excessive. 

The adrenocortical hormones have been highly effective drugs in many diseases (arthritis, skin disorders, inflammations). Modification of the chemical structure, particularly by introduction of fluoro or methyl groups, has provided substances with different action spectra and with much greater effectiveness than the natural hormones. From the multitude of such compounds we present the following two formulas. Both substances have strong anti-inflammatory properties, but relatively low mineral-corticoid effects. 

The reabsorption of NaCl is under hormonal control by the adrenal cortex insufficient activity of the gland results in drastic losses of Na and Cl . The chief mineral corticoid is aldosterone it also controls K excretion, but in the opposite sense. The Na+ K+ ratio of the urine, therefore, is an indicator of adrenal cortex function. 

Mineral corticoids—includes aldosterone, and regulate ion balance in the kidneys... 

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