Instrument classification

Categories may vary. Consult the user s organization laboratory instrument classification guide or references in the GAMP guide and USP general chapter (1058) [11,12]. 

Aerosol Instrument Classification. Friedlander (34) classified the range of aerosol instrumentation in terms of resolution of particle size, time, and chemical composition. This classification scheme is illustrated in Figure 3. The ideal instrument would be a single-particle counter-sizer-analyzer. Operating perfectly, this mythical instrument would fully characterize the aerosol, with no lumping of size or composition classes, and would make such measurements sufficiently rapidly to follow any transients occurring in the aerosol system. 

The only instruments to which definite locations in the various buildings can be assigned are the area-monitoring instruments, classification "c above. The locations selected for these instruments have been arbitrarily chosen, and actual survey when the reactor is in operation may result in these locations being changed. 

Fig. 8. Instrument classification by geometric and spectral light characteristics (42).

During the inspection of an unknown object its surface is scanned by the probe and ultrasonic spectra are acquired for many discrete points. Disbond detection is performed by the operator looking at some simple features of the acquired spectra, such as center frequency and amplitude of the highest peak in a pre-selected frequency range. This means that the operator has to perform spectrum classification based on primitive features extracted by the instrument. 

Calorimetry is the basic experimental method employed in thennochemistry and thennal physics which enables the measurement of the difference in the energy U or enthalpy //of a system as a result of some process being done on the system. The instrument that is used to measure this energy or enthalpy difference (At/ or AH) is called a calorimeter. In the first section the relationships between the thennodynamic fiinctions and calorunetry are established. The second section gives a general classification of calorimeters in tenns of the principle of operation. The third section describes selected calorimeters used to measure thennodynamic properties such as heat capacity, enthalpies of phase change, reaction, solution and adsorption. 

Existing legislative instruments, such as Directives relating to classification, packaging and labelling, are being examined with a view to possible modification for the purpose of regulating EDs. 

Ensure proper design and selection of instrumentation as per area electrical classification... 

ISA-RP12.24.01 (lEC 79-10 MOD), Recommended Practice for Classification of Locations for Electrical Installations Classified as Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, or Zone 2. Instrument Society of America, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 

Part 2 Classification of Process Control Systems Realization, operation and testing of safety instrumented systems (December 1998)... 

The vendor shall be responsible for the selection of proper range, pressure rating, materials of construction and electrical enclosure based on process conditions and electrical area classification. All instruments and controls shall be in accordance with Specification ME-0-JN400. 

Instrument Purging for Reduction of Hazardous Area Classification... 

FPN No. 1) It is important that the authority having Jurisdiction be familiar with recorded industrial experience as well as with standards of the National Fire Protection Association, the American Petroleum Institute, and the Instrument Society of America that may be of use in the classification of various locations, the determination of adequate ventilation, and the protection against static electricity and lightning hazards. 

After an area classification has been established, then anelectrical equipment, instruments, and wiring must adhere to that classification. Therefore, some motor enclosure types would not be electrically acceptable for specific area classifications. 

Alcohol sulfates are excellent foaming surfactants. According to the Kitchener and Cooper classification [148], alcohol sulfates form metastable foams. However, quantitative values cannot easily be compared because foam largely depends not only on the instrument used to produce and evaluate foam but also on the concentration of surfactant, impurities, temperature, and many other factors. In addition, a complete characterization of the foam capacity should take into account the initial amount of foam, its stability, and its texture. 

Air-Classification Measurement Electronic airborne particle monitoring instruments count and size particulate matter in the sampled air with no consideration of whether the particles are viable or nonviable. Air classification is defined as the number of particles per cubic foot of air that are larger than 0.5 pm in diameter. Climet and HIAC-Royco are common instruments for airborne particulate monitoring). 

Fig. 7.5. The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) provides a scientific basis for predicting intestinal drug absorption and for identifying the rate-limiting step based on primary biopharmaceutical properties such as solubility and effective intestinal permeability (Pefr). BCS serves as a product control instrument. The BCS divides drugs into four different classes based on their solubility and...

The next unsolved problem we bring up is the question of error in the classification of training samples when calibrating an instrument to do identification. We mentioned... 

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