Installing packings into

After manufacture and characterization, the SMZ was shipped to OGI on flatbed trucks in 1-m3 super sacks. As described above, the sand and SMZ were packed into the pilot-test tank in lifts around the previously installed instrumentation. The aquifer sand was placed into a hopper with a small end-loader, then traveled up a conveyor and down a large tube to the approximate location where it was needed in the tank. The sand was then further spread and leveled by hand. The SMZ was added to the barrier in a... 

Parts of the system for which no-contamination-measurements were easy, ware brought to closed containers installed outside and stored there until approval by the authorities had been obtained. Parts for which the state of no-contamination was to difficult to prove, were packed into 2001-barrels and stored in the supervised area for the time of safe enclosure. 

Expanding into overseas markets worsened this labour shortage because most members of installation and service crews were from the Laperriere shop. Each crew was provided with a kit of tools and spare parts, all packed into a shipping crate the size of a coffin that accompanied them on their travels. These crews spent the bulk of their working lives in foreign lands. In less-developed countries their typical... 

The analytical column pack ing was made by coating 80-100 mesh Chromosorb W with 30% by weight of W-98 Silicone Gum (Union Carbide Corporation). This was vibration packed into a 6ft x inch aluminium column. The 6ft x inch precolumn was vibration packed with commercial sodium silicofluoride (Matheson Coleman and Bell). These columns were installed in the chromatograph as shown in Fig.83. 

The column is swept continuously by a carrier gas such as helium, hydrogen, nitrogen or argon. The sample is injected into the head of the column where it is vaporized and picked up by the carrier gas. In packed columns, the injected volume is on the order of a microliter, whereas in a capillary column a flow divider (split) is installed at the head of the column and only a tiny fraction of the volume injected, about one per cent, is carried into the column. The different components migrate through the length of the column by a continuous succession of equilibria between the stationary and mobile phases. The components are held up by their attraction for the stationary phase and their vaporization temperatures. 

When low boiling ingredients such as ethylene glycol are used, a special provision in the form of a partial condenser is needed to return them to the reactor. Otherwise, not only is the balance of the reactants upset and the raw material cost of the resin increased, but also they become part of the pollutant in the waste water and incur additional water treatment costs. Usually, a vertical reflux condenser or a packed column is used as the partial condenser, which is installed between the reactor and the overhead total condenser, as shown in Figure 3. The temperature in the partial condenser is monitored and maintained to effect a fractionation between water, which is to pass through, and the glycol or other materials, which are to be condensed and returned to the reactor. If the fractionation is poor, and water vapor is also condensed and returned, the reaction is retarded and there is a loss of productivity. As the reaction proceeds toward completion, water evolution slows down, and most of the glycol has combined into the resin stmcture. The temperature in the partial condenser may then be raised to faciUtate the removal of water vapor. 

Processes in this context means those series of related activities that turn inputs into outputs of added value. They include design, procurement, manufacture, packing, delivery, installation, maintenance, operations, disposal as well as the processes which serve these primary processes such as calibration, training, inspection, test, document control, etc. 

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