Insomnia, prevalence

Monti, J. M. (2004). Primary and secondary insomnia prevalence, causes and current therapeutics. Cum Med. Chem. Central Nerv. Syst. Agents, 4, 119-37. 

Monti JM (2004) Primary and secondary insomnia Prevalence, causes and current therapeutics. Curr Med Chem - CNS Agents 4 119-137... 

Anxiety disorders and insomnia represent relatively common medical problems within the general population. These problems typically recur over a person s lifetime (3,4). Epidemiological studies in the United States indicate that the lifetime prevalence for significant anxiety disorders is about 15%. Anxiety disorders are serious medical problems affecting not only quaUty of life, but additionally may indirecdy result in considerable morbidity owing to association with depression, cardiovascular disease, suicidal behavior, and substance-related disorders. 

Insomnia complaints are common in the general population and can be dichotomized into problems of delayed sleep onset and those related to sleep maintenance. Increasing attention is being focused on the adverse daytime effects of insomnia. Sleep disturbances become more common with increased age and are more prevalent in women. Sleep complaints arise from very diverse etiologies which prominently include concomitant primary... 

Overall, the clinical picture of childhood MDD parallels the symptoms of adult MDD (Birmaher et ak, 1996b). There are some developmental differences, however. Symptoms of melancholia (e.g., lack of appetite, insomnia, lack of interest in anything), delusions, suicide attempts, especially high-lethality ones, are all less prevalent in young children and increase with age. In contrast, symptoms of anxiety, behavioral problems, and perhaps auditory and visual hallucinations seem to occur more frequently in children (AA-CAP, 1998 Birmaher et ah, 1996a). Also, it appears that the rate of onset of bipolar disorder is higher in... 

Brabbins CJ, Dewey ME, Copeland JRM, et al Insomnia in the elderly prevalence, gender differences and relationships with morbidity and mortality. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 8 473-480, 1993... 

Melhnger GD, Balter MB, Uhlenhuth EH Insomnia and its treatment prevalence and correlates. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42 225-232, 1985 Melhnan LA, Gorman JM Successful treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder with EGT. Am J Psychiatry 141 596-597, 1984 Melhnan LA, Gorman JM Successful treatment of OCD. Psychiatry 141 596-597, 1992... 

Anxiety and insomnia are prevalent symptoms with multiple etiologies. Effective treatments are available, but they vary by diagnosis. In most instances, the best course of action is to treat the underlying disorder rather than reflexively to institute treatment with a nonspecific anxiolytic. 

Insomnia is, by far, the most common sleep disorder it is estimated that approximately half of adults experience some form of insomnia at least once in their lives. Insomnia is less common in children and teenagers than in adults, but it is particularly prevalent in elderly people, as their sleep becomes fragmented with age. Insomnia is slightly more common in females than males. 

Rubinstein ML, Selwyn PA. High prevalence of insomnia in an outpatient population with HIV infection. J AIDS 1998 19 260-265. 

The question of insomnia effects on morbidity is more difficult. Since insomnia complaints are associated with depression, anxiety, neuroticism, and a wide variety of medical illnesses (44,49,54,55), it may be difficult to distinguish effects of insomnia from effects of the comorbid processes. In some cases, medications taken by insomniacs may be responsible for impairment. One attempt to assess disability related to insomnia found no association meeting Bonferroni criteria, after adjustment for age, gender, chronic disease, and major depression (56). It is possible that the trend for association would have been entirely eliminated had control been done for subthreshold depression, which was prevalent in the sample. Although sleep symptoms do predict future depression, they are less... 

Simon GE, VonKorff M. Prevalence, burden, and treatment of insomnia in primary care. Am J Psychiatry 1997 154 1417-1423. 

Of the 88 sleep disorders listed in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (12), the better-known and more prevalent disorders are the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, insomnia, restless legs syndrome/periodic limb movement disorder, and narcolepsy (see also Chap. 5).These sleep disorders are common, and are known to interfere with the quality of sleep this chapter addresses the socioeconomic impact of these disorders. 

Weyerer S, Dilling H. Prevalence and treatment of insomnia in the community results from the Upper Bavarian Field Study. Sleep 1991 14(5) 392-398. 

Harma M, Tenkanen L, Sjoblom T, Alikoski T, Heinsalmi P. Combined effects of shift work and life-style on the prevalence of insomnia, sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness. Scand J Work Environ Health 1998 24 300-307. 

Insomnia is a serious health problem. With an estimated 30 000 000 Americans experiencing chronic, clinically significant insomnia [1], this condition is the most prevalent sleep disorder and is among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders. The health burden of insomnia is felt in a number of ways. It has an estimated annual economic impact in the United States alone of about 14 billion as of 10 years ago [2], Not only is nighttime experience degraded, but quality of life, broadly conceived, is also compromised [3],... 

The remainder of this chapter discusses the characteristics of primary insomnia (PI) and secondary insomnia (SI). Each of these two sections is structured to cover prevalence, causes, and diagnosis. 

The high prevalence of insomnia is well documented. One national phone survey estimated that 9 % of the population reported difficulties sleeping on a consistent basis, and 27 % indicated occasional sleeping problems [7], A large survey-based... 

The prevalence studies noted above only consider the general population without regard for differences between specific groups. Research has identified many characteristics that may influence the frequency/severity of insomnia complaints including age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity. 

Evidence is accumulating that suggests a higher prevalence among individuals in lower socioeconomic status (SES) brackets. Increased reports of insomnia complaints were found among unemployed individuals [10], people with less income [11], and individuals with fewer years of education [11, 12],... 

Ohayon MM (1997) Prevalence of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria of insomnia Distinguishing insomnia related to mental disorders from sleep disorders. JPsychiatrRes 31 333-346... 

Individuals with sleep disorders have great impairment in the quality of their life [9, 12, 29], Furthermore, another important aspect related to the high prevalence of insomnia is its economic cost for the health care services. This not only includes the direct costs of diagnosis and treatment (including also the over-the-counter drugs, and the cost of the associated alcoholism), but in addition the substantial indirect costs related to absenteeism, diminished productivity, accidents, and other health problems that are secondary to insomnia [30-32],... 

Hatoum HT, Kania CM, Kong SX, Wong JM, Mendelson WB (1998) Prevalence of insomnia a survey of the enrollees at five managed care organizations. Am JManag Care 4 79-86... 

MeUinger G, Balter M, Uhlenhuth E (1985) Insomnia and its treatment prevalence and correlates. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42 225-232... 

Nakata A, Haratani T, Takahashi M, Kawakami N, Arito H, Kobayashi F, Araki S (2004) Job stress, social support, and prevalence of insomnia in a population of Japanese daytime workers. Soc Sci Med. 59 1719-1730... 

Montplaisir J, Michaud M, Denesle R, Gosselin A (2000). Periodic leg movements are not more prevalent in insomnia or hypersomnia but are specifically associated with sleep disorders involving a dopaminergic impairment. Sleep Med 1 163-167... 

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