Insertion in solids

MinyAvn, London (1967) H) Anon, Research and Development Programs , Rept No APL-U-RQR/67-3, JHU/APL, Contract NOW-62-0604 (1967) I) A.C. Parmee S.F.W. Woodhouse, Assessment of Materials for Use as Nozzle Inserts in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors Part V, Tungsten , Rept No RPE-TR-67/17, Rocket Propn Estbmt, Westcott (Engl)... 

Figure 2.6. The tetrahedral structures of ice (a), (fc) are planes through sheets of selected oxygen nuclei (open circles), hydrogen nuclei (shotm in the insert as solid circles) are not shown in the main drawing. The insert illustrates the overlap of oxygen line pairs and the hydrogen nuclei, thus forming the hydrogen bonds (dotted lines)...

The small-spiral-large-sbaft type (Fig. ll-60b) is inserted in a solids-product line as pipe banks are in a fluid line, solely as a heat-transfer device. It features a thin burden ring carried at a high rotative speed and subjected to two-sided conductance to yield an estimated heat-transfer coefficient of 285 W/(m °C) [50 Btu/(h fU °F)], thereby ranking thermally next to the sheU-fluidizer type. This device for powdered solids is comparable with the Votator ol the fluid field. 

The product is again collected by filtration, washed with water, resuspended in 225 ml. of water, collected, and pressed as dry as possible. The filter cake is thoroughly dispersed in 160 ml. of absolute alcohol, then filtered, air-dried, and finally dried in a vacuum desiccator over concentrated sulfuric acid. The bright-yellow solid is pulverized and redried. The yield is 115-135 g. (60-71%). When this product is inserted in a bath preheated to 210 and the temperature is increased at a rate of 1° per 10 seconds, decomposition with evolution of gas occurs at 219-220° (cor.) (Note 13). 

Both shape and design details are heavily process related. The ability to mold ribs, for example, may depend on material flow during a process or on the flowability of a plastic reinforced with glass. The ability to produce hollow shapes depends on the ability to use removable cores, including air, fusible or soluble solids, and even sand. Hollow shapes can also be produced using cores that remain in the product, such as foam inserts in RTM or metal inserts in IM. 

Solid ozone is very expl, and at its freezing pt is very sensitive. If liq ozone in a tube is suddenly immersed to the full length of the ozone layer into solid nitrogen, detonation usually occurs. This probably is due to the fact that ozone crystals appear over the entire height of the tube, and by friction of one set of crystals against another, enough heat is developed to initiate ozone detonation. On the other hand, if only the bottom of the ozone tube is inserted into solid nitrogen, the crystallization of solid ozone proceeds slowly from the bottom toward the top and no detonation takes place (Ref 3, p 225)... 

Fig. 37. Strain rate distribution along the centerline in a 2-dimensional hyperbolic flow (the flow geometry is shown as an insert). The solid curve, redrawn according to ref. 131, corresponds to a viscoelastic fluid (the spike at x = 2 is a calculation artefact) the dotted curve is calculated with POLYFLOW for a Newtonian liquid...

Two types of continuous flow solid oxide cell reactors are typically used in electrochemical promotion experiments. The single chamber reactor depicted in Fig. B.l is made of a quartz tube closed at one end. The open end of the tube is mounted on a stainless steel cap, which has provisions for the introduction of reactants and removal of products as well as for the insertion of a thermocouple and connecting wires to the electrodes of the cell. A solid electrolyte disk, with three porous electrodes deposited on it, is appropriately clamped inside the reactor. Au wires are normally used to connect the catalyst-working electrode as well as the two Au auxiliary electrodes with the external circuit. These wires are mechanically pressed onto the corresponding electrodes, using an appropriate ceramic holder. A thermocouple, inserted in a closed-end quartz tube is used to measure the temperature of the solid electrolyte pellet. 

Fig. 13 Isotopic line splitting of the V3 stretching vibration in single crystalline (see also Fig. 12(a)), after [108, 109], The origin of each absorption band is indicated by an isotopomer present in crystals of natural composition. While the absorption could be fitted by a Lorentzian band profile, the remaining peaks were dominated by the Gaussian contribution in the Voigt band shapes (solid lines below the spectrum). The sum result of fitting the isotopic absorption bands is inserted in the measured spectrum as a solid line...

Figure 9. Streamlines (top) and relative gas phase composition of A1 species (bottom) In a vertical axlsymmetrlc reactor at five different times during growth of an AlAs/GaAs superlattice. Red corresponds to all A1 species, violet to no A1 species. The corner Insert portrays the variation In solid fraction of A1 across the Interface. Buoyancy dominated flow.

Whereas the liquid-solid filtration processes described so far can separate particles down to a size of around 10 xm, for smaller particles that need to be separated, a porous polymer membrane can be used. This process, known as microfiltration, retains particles down to a size of around 0.05. im. A pressure difference across the membrane of 0.5 to 4 bar is used. The two most common practical arrangements are spiral wound and hollow fiber. In the spiral wound arrangement, flat membrane sheets separated by spacers for the flow of feed and filtrate are wound into a spiral and inserted in a pressure vessel. Hollow... 

Over the entire Q-range within experimental error the data points fall on the line and thus exhibit the predicted Q4 dependence. The insert in Fig. 7 demonstrates the scaling behavior of the experimental spectra which, according to the Rouse model, are required to collapse to one master curve if they are plotted in terms of the Rouse variable u = QV2 /wt. The solid line displays the result of a joint fit to the Rouse structure factor with the only parameter fit being the Rouse rate W 4. Excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction is observed. The resulting value is W/4 = 2.0 + 0.1 x 1013 A4s 1. 

Most spectrometers measure the magnetic field by a Hall effect probe consisting of a sensor mounted on one of the pole faces of the magnet. However, such estimates of the value of B inside the cavity are not sufficiently accurate to be used for g-factor determinations. There are two ways around this problem (i) measure the spectrum of a solid free radical such as dip-henylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), which has a well-known g-value (2.0028), at least once during acquisition of the desired spectrum or (ii) use of an NMR gaussmeter probe inserted in or near the cavity several times during the collection of the spectrum. 

Yang J., Takeda Y., Li Q., Imanishi N., Yamamoto O. Lithium insertion into Sn- and SnSb-based composite electrodes in solid polymer electrolytes. J. Power Sources 2000 90 64-69. 

Direct introduction of a sample, either in solid or liquid state, in the ion source of a mass spectrometer may be achieved through two procedures the first one is based on the use of a direct insertion probe (DIP) the second one necessitates a direct exposure probe (DEP). Direct introduction followed by heating of the sample in the ion source of the mass spectrometer is also known as direct temperature resolved mass spectrometry (DTMS). 

In coordination polymerisation, the catalyst-monomer complex forms a heterogeneous system in which the metal ion is in the solid phase and the carbanion of the alkyl group is in the solvent phase. The monomer is inserted in between the metal ion and the carbanion and the Polymer chain formed is pushed out from the solid catalyst surface. Because of this coordination polymerisation is also known as insertion polymerisation. 

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