Insecticides, chlorinated

HowlandMA. 1990. Insecticides Chlorinated and other forms. In Goldfrank LR, Flomenbaum NE, Lewin NA, et al. eds. Goldfrank s toxicologic emergencies. 4th ed. Norwalk, CT Appleton Lange, 693-697. 

Weil LG, Dure G, Quentin KL. 1974. [Solubility in water of insecticide chlorinated hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in view of water pollution.] Z Wasser Abwasser Forsch 7 169-175. (German)... 

Koeman, J.H. and van Genderen, H. (1970). Tissue levels in animals and effects caused by chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, chlorinated biphenyls, and mercury in the marine environment along the Netherlands coast. FAO Technical Conference on Marine Pollution. Rome, December 1970. 

Uses Manufacturing phthalates, phthaleins, benzoic acid, synthetic indigo, pharmaceuticals, insecticides, chlorinated products, and artificial resins. 

Toxaphene is insecticidal chlorinated camphene and consists of a mixture of more than 170 compounds containing 10 C atoms and 6 to 10 Cl atoms per molecule and often represented by the empirical formula C10H10C18. The structural formula of one of the molecules contained in toxaphene, 8-octachlorobomane, is given below. Toxaphene was once the most used insecticide in the U.S., with annual consumption of about 40 million kg. 

Gas chromatography has also been applied to the determination of the following types of organic compounds in potable waters (see Table 15.11) aliphatic hydrocarbons, phenols, nitrophenols, chlorinated dioxins, anticholisterinase insecticides, chlorinated humic acid and chlorolignosulphonic acids. 

Recovery studies were performed on 13 common insecticides (chlorinated and phosphorothioate compounds). These pesticides were added as emulsifiable suspensions to distilled water and surface waters from streams. The results obtained so far for the surface waters are comparable to those reported in Table II. 

The report by Haas and Guardia (18) pertains to their efforts to apply immunological methods for the assay of pesticide residues, and expresses their aim to test the suitability of methods for field analytical purposes. Haas and Guardia also used DDT and malathion to represent two of the most important classes of insecticides, chlorinated hydrocarbons and organophosphorus compounds. They first attempted to prepare insecticide-protein antigens in which enzymes were used as the protein carrier. Antiserum of rabbits injected with DDA-carbonic anhydrase or malathion-chymotrypsin failed to show the presence of the respective antibodies. 

Chromatographic Analysis of Insecticides Chlorinated Compounds in Water and Soil... 

In most cases these substances are organochlorinated compound insecticides, also known as chlorinated hydrocarbons, chlorinated organics, chlorinated insecticides, chlorinated synthetics, and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) (Table 22.1). 

Two general classes of insecticides, chlorinated hydrocarbons and organic phosphorus compounds, are used. The former have been recog-... 

---