Inorganic solids, decomposition

In the present review of the kinetics and mechanisms of decomposition and chemical interactions of inorganic solids, emphasis is placed on reports appearing in the approximate period 1955—1976, though many references to earlier work have been included to maintain a balance in the treatment. Some of the citations have been particularly selected to... 

This account of the kinetics of reactions between (inorganic) solids commences with a consideration of the reactant mixture (Sect. 1), since composition, particle sizes, method of mixing and other pretreatments exert important influences on rate characteristics. Some comments on experimental methods are included here. Section 2 is concerned with reaction mechanisms formulated to account for observed behaviour, including references to rate processes which involve diffusion across a barrier layer. This section also includes a consideration of the application of mechanistic criteria to the classification of the kinetic characteristics of solid-solid reactions. Section 3 surveys rate processes identified as the decomposition of a solid catalyzed by a solid. Section 4 reviews other types of solid + solid reactions, which may be conveniently subdivided further into the classes... 

Young, D. A. (1966). Decomposition of Solids. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK. An excellent book that discusses reactions of many inorganic solids and principles of kinetics of solid-state reactions. 

If solid samples are insoluble in water, some decomposition procedure must be used. For inorganic materials, decomposition with mineral acids is most often employed (for a survey of decomposition techniques see [33]). When the sample cannot be dissolved in an acid, it can either be fused (most often with alkali carbonates, hydroxides or their mixtures [157, 47]) or sintered (usually with mixtures of alkali carbonates with divalent metal oxides, sometimes in the presence of oxidants [54]). Sintering is usually preferable, because then contamination of the sample and the resultant ionic strength are lower than is the... 

Boldyrev et al. [3] have classified decompositions of inorganic solids as follows ... 

Supercritical fluids have received considerable attention as solvents for the synthesis of ceramic or similar materials. One method applies thermal decomposition of precursors in a supercritical fluid, which is at the end of the reaction depressurized and removed from the system. After removal of the solvent, obtained inorganic material is typically in the form of micron or submicron particles. The second method uses supercritical fluid as a solvent and a reactant. In this case, the typical supercritical fluid is water, and the process is called hydrothermal synthesis. Inorganic solids obtained by the decomposition in the supercritical fluid or by the synthesis using supercritical reactant, are hsted in Tables 24.4 and Table 24.5, respectively. As it can be seen from the presented data different morphologies can be obtained on the micrometer or nanometer scale. 

Inorganic Solids Obtained by tbe Decomposition in Supercritical Fluid... 

Organic peroxides and hydroperoxides are generally unstable and can decompose spontaneously and explosively under thermal and mechanical stress. Such decomposition may be caused by shock, impact, friction, or the catalytic effect of impurities. To reduce hazards involved during transportation and handling, they are desensitized by the addition of inert inorganic solids or liquids like water, halogenated hydrocarbons. 

Koga, N., Tanaka, H. (2002). A physico-geometric approach to the kinetics of solid-state reactions as exemplified by the thermal dehydration and decomposition of inorganic solids. Thermochimica Acta, 388, 41-61. doi 10.1016/S0040-6031(02)00051-5. 

One of the major uses of DTA has been to follow solid-state reactions as they occur. All decomposition reactions (loss of hydrates, water of constitution, decomposition of inorganic anions, e.g.- carbonate to carbon dioxide gas, etc.) are endothermic and irreversible. Likewise are the synthesis reactions such as... 

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