Inorganic materials thermal analysis

X-ray diffraction uses X-rays of known wavelengths to determine the lattice spacing in crystalline structures and therefore directly identify chemical compounds. This is in contrast to the other X-ray methods discussed in this chapter (XRF, electron microprobe analysis, PIXE) which determine concentrations of constituent elements in artifacts. Powder XRD, the simplest of the range of XRD methods, is the most widely applied method for structural identification of inorganic materials, and, in some cases, can also provide information about mechanical and thermal treatments during artifact manufacture. Cullity (1978) provides a detailed account of the method. 

Applications to Inorganic and Miscellaneous Materials, Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 2, Elsevier, Amsterdam. 

J.C. Oxley, The Thermal Stabihty of Explosives Chapter 8 in Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Applications to Inorganic and Miscellaneous Materials Volume 2 , P.K. Gallagher and M.E. Brown, eds, Elsevier p. 349—369. Elsevier Amsterdam. 

When coal bums in air, as in the determination of ash in proximate analysis, all the organic material is oxidized or decomposed to give volatile products, and the inorganic material associated with the coal is subjected to the combined effects of thermal decomposition and oxidation. As a result, the quantity and composition of the resulting ash differ considerably from those of the inorganic materials originally associated with the pure coal substance. 

Gallagher, P. Applications of thermal analysis to the study of inorganic materials. Thermochim. Acta 1993, 214, 1-7. 

Surveys of the types of thermal analysis techniques used and their applications to numerous areas cf research have been published by Wendlandt (6), Liptay (7), and Dunn (8). The most widely used techniques are TG and DTA, followed by DSC and TM A. Inorganic materials are the most widely studied by thermal analysis techniques, followed by high polymers, metals and... 

The use of thermal analysis and calorimetry for inorganic chemicals is more restricted to TG because of the nature of the materials and what is important for their use. These materials typically only show degradation processes within the... 

Sect. 4.6. Descriptions of thermogravimetry are given by Gallagher PG (1997) Chap 1 in Turi E, ed. Thermal Characterization of Polymeric Materials. Academic Press, San Diego Wunderlich B (1990) Thermal Analysis. Academic Press, Boston Duval C (1963) Inorganic Thermogravimetric Analysis, 2 ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam. (For decomposition of polymers see Refs to Sect 3.4). 

Davidovits, J. (1991) Geopolymers inorganic polymeric new materials. Journal of Thermal Analysis 37, 1633-1656. 

Two triphenylamino-substituted chromophores with and without hydroxyl end, named TIOH and Tl (Figure 6.7), respectively, were synthesized and incorporated into hybrid organic-inorganic materials derived from 3-glydoxypropyltrimethoxysi-lane, tetraethoxysilane, and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane [54]. These stilbene-type chromophores were characterized by elemental analysis by NMR, FT-IR, UV-vis spectra, and TGA. The hyperpolarizabilities were characterized through solvato-chromic method. Both chromophores possessed higher thermal stability and competitive hyperpolarizabilities. Second harmonic generation was observed on poled films. The nonlinear coefficient of the samples was established at 41.2 pm/V for TIOFJ doped film and at 24.8 pm/V for Tl doped film. 

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