Inorganic fillers Filler content

These comprise components A to C, the amount of component B being 5 to 50 pbw per 100 pbw of A (based on solid content) and the amount of C being 50 to 350 pbw per 100 pbw of A (based on solid content). A is an emulsion of ethylene-vinyl ester copolymer, which is composed of 5 to 35 wt.% of ethylene and 95 to 65 wt.% of vinyl ester, and has a Tg of -25 to -I-15C and a toluene-insoluble part of 30 wt.% or more. B is a thermal expansive hollow microbead and C is an inorganic filler. The emulsion has superior mechanical strength, crack resistance, water resistance, alkali resistance, blocking resistance, foaming property, embossing property and superior flame resistance and can be used for flameproof foam sheet for wallpaper. 

Figure 2. Physical and mechanical properties of two componental PCM on basis of sevilen. Content of inorganic of filler, weight in % 1-0 % 2 - 20 % 3 - 40 % 4 - 50 % 5 - 60 %. Speed of monoaxial deformations - 100 mm / min.

Figure 5. Physical and mechanical properties of PCM on the basis of PVS (monoaxial deformation 100 mm/min). Content of inorganic filler, weight in % 1-0 % 2-10 % 3-20 % 4-50 % ratiot of organic filler, weight in % 5-20 % 6 - a parity of polymer, organic filler and inorganic filler in three component PCM is 1 1 1.

Figure 8. Physical and mechanical properties of three component PCM on the basis of PA. Content of polymer/organic filler/inorganic filler, weight in mass. % 1 - 50/10/40 2 - 50/20/30 3 - 50/25/25 4 -50/40/10.

Figure 8. Dependence durability of filler content a - of inorganic filler (xi) b - of organic filler (x2).

Thermal expansion-contraction of inorganic fillers is much lower compared with that of plastics. Therefore, the higher the filler content, the lower the coefficient of expansion-contraction of the composite material (see Chapter 10). Many inorganic nonmetallic fillers decrease thermal conductivity of the composite material. For example, compared with thermal conductivity of aluminum (204 W/deg Km) to that of talc is of 0.02, titanium dioxide of 0.065, glass fiber of 1, and calcium carbonate of 2-3. Therefore, nonmetallic mineral fillers are rather thermal insulators than thermal conductors. This property of the fillers effects flowability of filled plastics and plastic-based composite materials in the extruder. 

Thin-film metal (metal oxide)/polymer nanocomposites with different inorganic phase contents were obtained by using the cold-wall vacuum co-deposition technique. A range of metals was shown to be applicable to form nanocomposite thin films with PPX, i.e., Al, Ti, Pd, and Sn. AFM studies show the metal nanoparticles to have a size of 7-50 nm. Within the composite the polymer forms more or less spherical globules with a maximum size of about 200 nm. The interfacial regions between neighbouring polymeric spherulites contain nanoparticles of the inorganic filler. 

When glass fibers are compounded in polyamides in high content, warping of the molded product can become a problem. Wollastonite exhibits better properties in this aspect." Wollastonite is a white mineral that consists essentially of calcium metasilicate. It is commonly used as an inorganic filler material of thermoplastic polymers for molding. The wollastonite fibers are treated with silane surface treatments by using y-aminopropyltri-ethoxysilane or y-glycidylpropylmethoxysilane. 

Today, flowable materials are used not only for most classes of restoring teeth, but also as fissure sealants. Current products differ considerably in formulation and filler content (Beun et al., 2008). Fissure sealants contain less than 25% inorganic filler, while conventional flowable filling materials have about 50-70% filler. Consequently there are considerable differences in properties between commercially available products. Beun et al. (2008) have studied the effect of these variations on rheological properties including storage modulus, and classified the products into three groups, based on their sohd-like behavior. 

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