Inorganic compounds naming acids

Note that there is one general case where the word acid may appear in a fully systematic name of an inorganic compound, namely when substitutive nomenclature is used and prescribes a suffix for the highest ranking substituent group which ends with the word acid . 

Curtius discovered HN3 [1] by reacting benzoylhydrazine with nitrous acid (b + g-type reaction). The resulting benzoyl azide was saponified, and sodium azide was isolated from the alkaline mixture. In 1903 Wislicenus [14] synthesized sodium azide solely from inorganic compounds, namely, sodium metal, ammonia, and dinitrogen oxide (a + e). The reaction proceeds in two steps, first converting ammonia with sodium to sodamide, and then reacting this with dinitrogen oxide to yield sodium azide. Fifty percent of the sodamide is decomposed to hydroxide and ammonia, and the overall balance of the process is... 

The recommended names for these compounds (phosphinic acid and phosphinates) have not yet gained wide acceptance for inorganic compounds but are generally used for organophosphorus derivatives. Hypophosphites can be made by healing white phosphorus in aqueous alkali ... 

Inorganic chemistry is developing in such a way that names based on function are disappearing. and nomenclature is bused preferably on composition and structure, rather than on chemical properties. Chemicai properties such us acidity depend on the reaction medium and a compound named as an acid might well function as a base in some circumstances. 

The nomenclature of acids has a long tradition and it would be unrealistic to systematize add names fully and alter drastically the commonly accepted names of important and well-known substances. However, there is no reason to provide trivial names which could have a very limited use for newly prepared inorganic compounds. 

Inorganic compounds also may be classified as acids, bases, and salts. This classification is particularly useful as a basis for naming the chemicals with which we shall deal. 

The historical sketch outlines the class of lanthanide amides this article is to deal with and which is further manifested in Scheme 1. Organometallic amides which can be classified as dialkyl (-aryl, -silyl) amides and amides derived from unsaturated heterocyclic ligands are seen with respect to N-unsubstituted (primary, inorganic) amides. The consideration of more classic coordination compounds like acid amides or sulfonamides, often ascribed as wet chemistry , is excluded. The historical data also demonstrate the relatively late start of lanthanide amide chemistry reflecting the late industrial establishment of the lanthanide elements (separation, purification, etc.) [9], However, lanthanide amides are still the youngest class in conjunction with the most important pillars of organometallic lanthanide chemistry, namely the alkyls/cyclopentadienyls (LnCp3, 1954, [10]) and the alkoxides (Ce(OR)4 1956 [11a] La(OR)3 , 1958 [lib]). Indeed most of the work has been conducted in the last ten years. 

Of the various types of higher order compounds which should be named as coordination compounds, only molecular addition compounds have not been considered. The rules for naming inorganic compounds indicate that (CHaJsN-BF would be called compound of boron trifluoride with trimethylamine., However, Davidson and Brown (4) suggest that this substance be called trimethylamine-boron trifluoride. In general, that molecule which donates a pair of electrons (base) is given first followed by the acceptor molecule (acid). Similarly, (CH3)2S-A1(CH3)3 would be known as dimethyl sulfide-trimethylaluminum. If these were named as coordination compounds, the names would be (trimethylamine)trifluoroboron and (dimethylsulfide)trimethylalu-minum. 

The common acids are other examples of inorganic compounds that are known by common rather than formal names. Some names of common acids and bases that you will use frequently in chemistry laboratory experiments are listed in Table 5.7. Although they often do not follow the rules you have been learning, they will soon become so familiar that their formulas and names will be easy to remember. 

To organize and simplify our venture into naming compounds, we can divide inorganic compounds into four categories ionic compounds, molecular compounds, acids and bases, and hydrates. 

Substances are arranged in alphabetical order by the most common name, except that compounds such as hydrides, oxides, and acids are grouped with the parent element (the same ordering used in the table Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds ). 

Substances are listed by name, either an lUPAC systematic name or, in the case of drugs and other complex compounds, a common synonym. Inorganic compounds, including metal salts of organic acids, are listed first, followed by organic compounds. The molecular formula in the HUl convention is included. 

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