Inorganic compounds, examples

Other high-molecular-weight structures can, by means of n complex-ing, be formed by inorganic compounds. Examples of these are the ferrocene sandwich complexes and copper acetylide. The acetylene n orbitals of the copper acetylide, CU2C2 2H2O, donate electrons to unoccupied copper orbitals ... 

Other liquid inorganic compounds show the auto-dissociation characteristic of water and liquid ammonia for example, dinitrogen tetroxide (p. 231), as well as undergoing the more familiar homolytic dissociation... 

LiAlH4, lithium tetrahydridoaluminate ("lithium aluminium hydride . so-called) is an excellent reducing agent in ether solution for both organic and inorganic compounds it may be used to prepare covalent hydrides SiH ether, for example... 

The determination of an analyte s concentration based on its absorption of ultraviolet or visible radiation is one of the most frequently encountered quantitative analytical methods. One reason for its popularity is that many organic and inorganic compounds have strong absorption bands in the UV/Vis region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In addition, analytes that do not absorb UV/Vis radiation, or that absorb such radiation only weakly, frequently can be chemically coupled to a species that does. For example, nonabsorbing solutions of Pb + can be reacted with dithizone to form the red Pb-dithizonate complex. An additional advantage to UV/Vis absorption is that in most cases it is relatively easy to adjust experimental and instrumental conditions so that Beer s law is obeyed. 

Coulometry may be used for the quantitative analysis of both inorganic and organic compounds. Examples of controlled-potential and controlled-current coulometric methods are discussed in the following sections. 

The following discussion on health and safety aspects of titanium compounds is concerned only with the behavior of the titanium present in inorganic compounds and not with the effects of the compounds themselves. For example, titanium tetrachloride must be treated with care because of the effects of the hydrochloric acid and heat produced when it reacts with water, not because of the possible toxicity of titanium. Apart from very few exceptions, the inorganic compounds of titanium are generally regarded as having low toxicity. Because of the ubiquitous nature of the element and its compounds, average concentrations of titanium in blood have been determined at 130—160 Fg/L (182—184), with a typical value of 10 Fg/L in urine (185). 

The solubility of most inorganic compounds is reduced by the addition of organic solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, propan-l-ol, acetone, etc. For example, the addition of about 20 per cent by volume of ethanol renders the solubility of lead sulphate practically negligible, thus permitting quantitative separation. Similarly calcium sulphate separates quantitatively from 50percent ethanol. Other examples of the influence of solvents will be found in Chapter 11. 

Discussion. Potassium nitrate is an example of an inorganic compound which absorbs mainly in the ultraviolet, and can be employed to obtain experience in the use of a manually operated ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometer. Some of the exercise can also be carried out employing an automatic recording spectrophotometer (see Section 17.16). 

EXAMPLE D.l Sample exercise Naming ionic inorganic compounds... 

U 1 Name ions, binary inorganic compounds, oxoacids, compounds with common polyatomic ions, and hydrates, and write their formulas (Toolboxes D.l and D.2, Self-Test D.l, and Examples D.l, D.2, and D.3). 

This is only the beginning of a process which ultimately results in the formation of solid state hydroxides or oxides. Actually, the solution species present in neutral or alkaline solutions of transition-metal ions are relatively poorly characterized. The formation of numerous hydroxy- and oxy-bridged polynuclear species makes their investigation very difficult. However, it is clear that there is a near-continuous transition from mononuclear solution species, through polynuclear solution species to colloidal and solid state materials. By the way, the first example of a purely inorganic compound to exhibit chirality was the olated species 9.11. 

Table 3-3, given on the next page, siunmarizes the various pairs of defects possible for binary compounds. Equilibria are given along with the appropriate equilibriiun constant. Note that these equations are rather simple and can be used to specify the equilibrium constants for these defects present in the lattice. These types of defects have been observed and studied in the compounds given under "Example in this Table. These are the major types of defects to be expected in most inorganic compounds, where the number of sites in the lattice is consteuit. 

Extended linear chain inorganic compounds have special chemical and physical properties [60,61], This has led to new developments in fields such as supramolecular chemistry, acid-base chemistry, luminescent materials, and various optoelectronic applications. Among recent examples are the developments of a vapochromic light emitting diode from linear chain Pt(II)/Pd(II) complexes [62], a luminescent switch consisting of an Au(I) dithiocarbamate complex that possesses a luminescent linear... 

In the previous examples, the calculated enthalpies of decomposition are taken. The enthalpies of formation of the decomposition substances come from the corresponding chapters in Part Two. The published values of enthalpies of formation are favoured and use of the values estimated is only made when there is no experimental data. A few inorganic compounds have been added which are noted for their instability eg ammonium dichromate and ammonium nitrate. 

Selective aromatic functionalization has been a permanent object of research since the ninenteenth century. Catalysis has offered a powerful tool to achieve this goal. Over the years we have worked out a complex catalytic system consisting of an inorganic compound such as a palladium salt and an organic molecule containing a strained double bond such as norbomene (1,2). We have seen that these two catalysts cooperatively react with an aromatic iodide, an alkyl iodide and a terminal olefin. The following equation reports an example (L = solvent and/or olefin) (3). 

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