Inorganic compounds, definition

Exempt colorants are made up of a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds representing the animal, vegetable, and mineral kingdoms. Some, like -carotene and 2inc oxide, are essentially pure factory-produced chemicals of definite and known composition. Others, including annatto extract, cochineal extract, caramel, and beet powder are mixtures obtained from natural sources and have somewhat indefinite compositions. 

According to Nyholm and Tobe (i) The definition of a usual oxidation state refers to oxidation states that are stable in environments made up of those chemical species that were common in classical inorganic compounds, e.g. oxides, water and other simple... 

Definitions of in situ and ex situ preparation methods are frequently found in specialized articles, reviews or textbooks. In situ methods refer to the possibility to assemble the inorganic compounds directly on the pristine (or modified) CNTs and ex situ methods to binding such materials in a post-assembling step via some linking agent [96],... 

The importance of the theory was further demonstrated by the discovery of the existence of optically active inorganic compounds, and the isolation of the exact number of optical isomers theoretically possible for the spatial arrangement of the atoms.1 Friend 2 and others criticised the theory on the grounds that in simple compounds, such as sodium chloride or cobaltous chloride, the chlorine is ionised and yet is attached to sodium or cobalt atom directly, whereas in the ammino-coinpounds the acid capable of ionisation is that which is not directly attached to metal. For instance, in chloro-pentammino-cobaltic chloride, [CoCI(NH3)5]C12, it is the chlorine outside the first zone which is ionised in solution. Also, the dissociable acidic groups are not attached to any point within the complex, but simply hover round the central complex in an indefinite manner. Thus a definite valency for ionisable... 

The term stoichiometry is often used and is well understood in Chemistry, and the law of definite proportions and the law of multiple proportion are well-known examples deduced from the stoichiometric relation. The existence of non-stoichiometric compounds cannot be explained by a simple interpretation of the above mentioned laws, however, it is no exaggeration that all inorganic compounds exhibit non-stoichiometry. 

Early chemists believed that inorganic compounds obeyed the law of definite proportions under which they had invariable compositions determined by the valence of the constituent atoms. From the early part of the twentieth century views began to change when many compounds were found experimentally to be non-stoichiometric, and theoretical predictions by Wagner and Schottky demonstrated that exact stoichiometric compositions are the exception rather than the rule. The literature contains many treatments of the topic the text by D.M. Smyth [4] is recommended. 

Names used in this cumulative Subject Index for Volumes XVI and XVII, as well as in the text, are based for the most part upon Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Definitive Rules 1970 Report of the Commission on the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Butterworths, London, 1971 [see Pure Appl. Chem. 27(1), 1-110] also on the Tentative Rules of Organic Chemistry—Section D and Nomenclature of Inorganic Boron Compounds [Commission on Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, IUPAC, published in Pure Appl. Chem. 30(3 -4), 683 - 710 (1972)]. All of these rules have been approved by the ACS Committee on Nomenclature. Conformity with approved organic usage is also one of the aims of the nomenclature used here. 

Since about 1930, but especially in the last few years, the concept of non-stoichiometric compounds has been a stimulating influence in inorganic chemistry. It has opened up new ideas it has led to much new work on the constitution and the valence problems of inorganic compounds it has shed light on the mechanism of reactions taking place in the solid state. Indeed, it goes to the roots of our ideas about the definition of a chemical compound. 

Cross references to the subject (primary) index are used for many simple inorganic compounds AICI3, see Aluminum chloride all minerals of definite composition, F2MgeNa2022Si8, see Richterite and the more common organic compounds, C4H4O, see Furan. 

So far, we have identified coordination compounds only by their chemical formulas, but names are also useful for many purposes. Some substances were named before their structures were known. Thus, K3[Fe(CN)g] was called potassium fer-ricyanide, and K4[Fe(CN)g] was potassium ferrocyanide [these are complexes of Fe (ferric) and Fe (ferrous) ions, respectively]. These older names are still used conversationally but systematic names are preferred to avoid ambiguity. The definitive source for the naming of inorganic compounds is Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry-IUPAC Recommendations 2005 (N. G. Connelly and T. Damhus, Sr., Eds. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2005). 

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