Inner noise

Inner noise - ehanges in the inherent properties of the system sueh as deterioration, wear, eorrosion... 

Inner noise - changes in material properties through usage, product deterioration, wear. 

Easily interpretable patterns are observable the first one is an horizontal pattern, located around 15 Hz, and is due to Pilgrim noise. Four regularly spaced vertical patterns are also observable, and shows the detection efficiency. They are due to the presence of the 4 inner circonferential notchs of successive 60%, 40% 20% and 10% deepness notchs. 

Applications such as the noise attenuation panels that line engine inlets and exhausts require a special form of high temperature adhesive known as a reticulating adhesive. These bond honeycomb sandwich assemblies have inner facesheets with numerous small holes (Fig. 13). The holes and underlying honeycomb core... 

Poulton, E. (1976). Continuous Noise Interferes with Work by Masking Auditory Feedback and Inner Speech. Applied Ergonomics 7,79-84. 

The perfectly linear, noise-free relationship between the projections is readily apparent. The slope of each relationship is equal to each proportionality constant Br in equation [65]- Br is sometimes called the inner relationship. The sign of the slope depends on the relative signs of the spectral factor vs. its corresponding concentration factor. 

Taguchi uses fractional factorial designs to determine the first-order effects of both the control factors and the noise factors, but he separates the factors and the designs into an inner array (involving the control factors only) and an outer array (involving the noise factors only). The concept is shown geometrically in Figure 14.8 for three control factors and three noise factors. 

Figure 14.8. The inner array exists in the three-dimensional space of control factors x X2, and X3 these might represent temperature, flow rate, and pH, respectively. The outer array is represented by the small fractional factorial designs shown at each factor combination of the inner array. It is important to understand that this inner outer does not exist in the control factor space - it exists in a separate three-dimensional space of noise factors, designated for our purposes here as z Zj, and Z3 these might represent ambient humidity, source of raw material, and identity of process operator.

Suppose viscosity, y, is the quality response of interest. Then at one of the four factor combinations in the inner array (i.e., in the control factor space), experiments can be carried out at the four factor combinations in the outer array (i.e., in the noise factor space). Frequently the outer array experiments are adventitious experiments in the sense that the experimenter has to wait until, say, the ambient humidity approaches the desired value then the appropriate source of raw material and the appropriate process operator can be brought in and the experiment can be carried out. 

From these two orthogonal arrays a cross-product design is constructed (see Table 4.2 for an example), for each setting of the control factors in the inner array the complete noise factor (outer) array has to be executed to determine the effect of the environmental factors. 

For a Taguchi approach to robustness the solvent composition is varied in the inner array, and the relative humidity and temperature in the outer array. The response is the resolution of noscapine and quinine. The data used in this example is a subset of the data set which is collected for this paper. The inner array consists of seven design points, the outer array of three. The three responses obtained at each setting of the inner array are combined to form a so-called signal-to-noise ratio. For maximization of the responses the following equation is [11] ... 

Professor Eisenman, there is a large body of results indicating the existence of channel systems. One could mention the Ca2+ ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum, the FF transporting ATPase of the inner mitochondrial membrane, the purple protein system of halobacteria, the Na and K+ channels of the axonal membranes. Apart from the classical type of evidence provided, for example, by the noise fluctuation technique, we now even begin to see direct electron microscopic evidence for the existence of transport-related openings in biological membranes. On the other hand, solid evidence for the existence of mobile carriers in eucaryotic cell membranes is very scarce, if not outright absent. 

Each run of this matrix (inner array) is repeated nine times (outer array), following a CFD 3, for both noise factors. After all experiments were made in the laboratory, calculations were done to refer the concentration of the slurry extracts to the original sample. They are shown in Table 2.15. 

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