Orthogonal array

Fig. 7.9. Illustration of the results established as critical conditions for formation of two arrays of periodic interface misfit dislocations, one array orthogonal to the other, at the interface between a strained epitaxial film and its substrate. The lower curve is a plot of the result (7.21) for insertion of the last dislocation necessary to complete one of the arrays, the other being already complete, and the upper curve is the equivalent result (7.22) based only on mean strain measures and the critical thickness condition for insertion of an isolated misfit dislocation. The graphs are based on the screw dislocation model with a mismatch strain 7m = 0.01.

Another form of array is called a microchannel plate detector. A time-of-flight (TOP) mass spectrometer collects ions sequentially in time and can use a point detector, but increasingly, the TOP instrument uses a microchannel plate, most particularly in an orthogonal TOP mode. Because the arrays and microchannel plates are both essentially arrays or assemblies of small electron multipliers, there may be confusion over their roles. This chapter illustrates the differences between the two arrays. 

The effect of different pai ameters such as temperature, pressure, modifier volume, dynamic and static extraction time on the SFE of the plant were investigated. The orthogonal array experimental design method was chosen to determine experimental plan, (5 ). In this design the effect of five parameters and each at five levels were investigated on the extraction efficiency and selectivity [4]. 

Helical undulators build on this principle by using two orthogonal magnetic field arrays [82, 83]. These permit transverse excursions in perpendicular x and y directions. If the arrays have a relative longitudinal shift, this introduces a phase to the induced perpendicular excursions and when the phase is 90° the electron trajectory can follow left- or right-handed corkscrew paths The emitted radiation is correspondingly right- or left-handed CPL. 

Figure 11.3. Fluidic flow directed assembly of NWs. (a,b) Schematic (a) and SEM image (b) of parallel NW arrays obtained by passing an NW solution through a channel on a substrate (c.d) Schematic (c) and SEM image (d) of a crossed NW matrix obtained by orthogonally changing the flow direction in a sequential flow alignment process. [Adapted from Ref. 49.]...

An n-dimensional vector is considered to have n orthogonal components and the vector is defined by specifying all of these as an array. There are two conventions to define either a column vector, like... 

Fig. 12 (Left) Perspective view of a [Fe]4 square fragment of the [Fe(bpb)2 (NCS)2]-0.5CH3OH polymer. (Right) View of the interpenetrated array of three mutually orthogonal layers (rods represent the bpb ligands and balls the iron atoms)... 

The possibility of a reliable representation of a chemical sensor array data set in subspaces of smaller dimension lies in the fact that the individual sensors always exhibit a high correlation among themselves. PCA consists of finding an orthogonal basis where the correlation among sensors disappears. 

An orthogonal array design and electronic pressure programming have been described for the optimisation of the GC determination of NP [76]. The characterisation of isomers of technical NP previously reported by Giger et al. [77] was further improved by GC-MS and GC-FTIR [78] identifying 14 isomers. On the other hand, Wheeler et al. [79] indicated the presence of five different groups of isomers of the 22 separated isomers. The isomeric composition of APEO mixtures and their structure elucidation are discussed in more detail in the next section. 

In contrast to porosity, the pore density and the specific surface area are quantities directly related to the actual size of pores and pore walls. The pore density NP is defined as the number of pores per unit area and it usually refers to a plane normal to the pore axis. For (100) oriented substrates this plane is parallel to the electrode surface, but for other orientations or strongly branched pores, there is no preferred plane orientation and NP refers to an average of the pore density of different planes. For arrays of straight pores the pore density can be directly calculated from the array geometry. For cylindrical pores of diameter d orthogonal to the electrode surface, for example, the average pore density NP is given by ... 

Note that Eq. (9.1) applies to pore arrays as well as to randomly distributed pores. For simple orthogonal or hexagonal arrays of macropores with one pore per unit cell of the pattern, the porosity can be defined locally as the ratio between the cross-sectional area of the pore AP and the area of the unit cell AU as shown in Fig. 9.15 a ... 

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