Injection molded polypropylene

Discs and sectors which may be made in injection molded polypropylene, metal or special redwood. 

Figure 5.74 Skin-core morphology of an injection-molded polypropylene structural foam. Reprinted, by permission, from P. R. Hornsby, in Two-Phase Polymer Systems, L. A. Utracki, ed., p. 102. Copyright 1991 by Carl Hanser Verlag.

Fujiyama M (1995) Higher order structure of injection molded polypropylene. In Karger- Kocsis J (ed) Polypropylene structure, blends and composites, vol 1. Chapman Hall, London, chap 6, p 168... 

Injection molded polypropylene automotive tail lamp housings. 

Injection molded polypropylene parts which comprise the complete hot water distribution system for dishwashers. 

In the mid to late 1990s, Mimotopes was producing rigid injection molded polypropylene devices that were surface grafted with either a hydrophilic copolymer of methacrylic acid/dimethyl acrylamide or the relatively hydrophobic polystyrene.12 The polymer was then suitably deriva-tized to allow the incorporation of a linker system. In contrast to the various commercial resins available at the time, the Crown was a macroscopic, quantized solid phase. As shown in Fig. 2, the Crowns were typically fitted to a polypropylene stem, which in turn could be fitted into a... 

Fujiyama, M. Wakino, T. Molecular orientation in injection-molded polypropylene copolymers with ethylene. Inter. Polym. Proc. 1992, VII (2), 159. 

Netzloff J. Increase your profitability in injection molded polypropylene parts with hyper nucleating agents, live web presentation. SpecialChem S.A. 3 December 2008. 

Scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) of (a) inner layer, (b) core region, and (c) outer layer at two positions of water-assisted injection-molded polypropylene (PP)/polyamide-6 (PA-6) blend. Water pressure, 10 MPa melt temperature, 270°C injection speed, 50%. (Reproduced from Huang, H.-X., and Zhou, R.-H. 2010. Preliminary investigation on morphology in water-assisted injection molded polymer blends. Polymer Testing 29 235-244 with permission from Elsevier.)... 

Fujiyama, M., Kitajima, Y. Inata, H. (2002) Structure and properties of injection-molded polypropylenes with different molecular weight distribution and tacticity characteristics. Journal of applied polymer Science. Vol.84 (12), pp.2142-2156... 

Micromolding (Injection and Compression Molding), Fig. 4 Images taken of injection molded polypropylene replicates as a function of barrel temperature (Tb) and injection velocity (V ) (Images taken from Sha etal. [13])... 

Yui, H., Wu, G., Sano, H., Sumita, M., and Kino, K. 2006. Morphology and electrical conductivity of injection-molded polypropylene/carbon black composites with addition of high-density polyethylene. Polymer 47 3599-3608. 

Table 15.4 Effect of adding wood flour on the mechanical performance of injection molded polypropylene [44]. 

B. Ou, D. Li, Y. Liu, Compatibilizing effect of maleated polypropylene on the mechanical properties of injection molded polypropylene/polyamide 6/functionalized-Ti02 nanocomposites, Composites Science and Technology 69 (3 ) (2009) 421 26. 

A Misra, BL Deopura, SF Xavier, FD Hartley, RH Fetters. Transcrystallinity in injection molded polypropylene glass fibre composites. Die Angewand Makromol Chem 113 113-120, 1983. 

LA Canova, LW Ferguson, LM Paninello, R Subramanian, HF Giles, Jr. Effect of combinations of fiber glass and mica on the physical properties and dimensional stability of injection molded polypropylene composites. Proceedings of the SPE 55th Annual Technical Conference Exhibits, Toronto, Ontario, 1997. 

Stribeck N et al (2014) Studying nanostructure gradients in injection-molded polypropylene/ montmorillonite composites by microbeam small-angle X-ray scattering. Sci Tech Adv Mater 15(1) 015004... 

Karger-Kocsis, J. and Friedrich, K. (1989) Effect of skin-core morphology on fatigue crack-propagation in injection molded polypropylene homopolymer, Int. J. Fatigue, 11, 161-168. 

Karger-Kocsis, J., Friedrich, K. and Bailey, R.S. (1991) Fatigue crack proj>aga-tion in short and long glass fiber reinforced injection-molded polypropylene composites, Adv. Composite Mat., 1,103-121. 

The higher-order structures (morphologies) of injection-molded polypropylene (PP), which should be considered, are crystalline form, lamellar thickness, spherulite size, crystallinity, molecular orientation, crystal orientation, dispersion state of a blended polymer, length and orientation of reinforcing fibers, crystalline texture (skin-core structure), etc. 

Fujiyama, M. (1995) Higher order structure of injection-molded polypropylene, in Polypropylene Structure, Blends and Composites, Vol. 1, Structure and Morphology, (ed. J. Karger-Kocsis), Chapman HaU, London, pp. 167-204. 

Kalay, G., Allan, P. and Bevis, M.J. (1995) Microstructure and physical property control of injection molded polypropylene. Plast. Rubber Composite Process. Appl., 23, 71-85. 

Figure 2 Strength of injection-molded and compression-molded polypropylene bars after various periods of laboratory exposure. The strength retained is the percentage strength compared with that of the unexposed sample. Compression-molded samples were cut from plaques that were cooled in a cold press ( normally cooled NC) or left to cool slowly in the hot press after turning the power off ( slow cooled SC). Injection-molded polypropylene containing talc as nucleator gave results similar to those for the NC compression-molded samples. (See Rabello, M.S. and White, J.R. (1997) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 56, 55).

Fig. 8. UV stabilization of 2-mm injection-molded polypropylene plaques. Control, 0.3% Tinuvin 770, 0.3% Chimassorb 944, 0.15% Tinuvin 770 -I- 0.15% Chimassorb 944.

Early results with cryomicrotomes were described by Cobbold and Mendelson [80]. Polyurethane elastomer, a blend of crystalline and noncrystalline polymers, showed spherulitic textures after sectioning at about -70°C. Injection molded polypropylene (PP) was also sectioned at about -70°C, while polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was sectioned at much lower temperatures. The authors concluded that the technique, though difficult, had potential. Extruded styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymer was prepared by cryosectioning with a diamond knife in liquid air at —85 to —115°C, followed by osmium tetroxide vapor staining for one hour [81]. This method revealed the alternating sequence of the polystyrene and polybutadiene lamellae. Odell et al. [82] prepared extruded triblock copolymer by first chemically hardening the polybutadiene, with osmium tetroxide, followed by cryoultramicrotomy to produce 30 nm thick sections which showed fine structure details. Parallel polystyrene rods were observed in the SBS copolymer. Ultramicrotomy and selective staining with osmium tetroxide was also used in the preparation of a binary blend of PP and thermoplastic rubber [83]. 

Derieth et al. (2008) immersed injection-molded polypropylene-bonded and PPS-based compression-molded composite bipolar plates. The authors exposed some sets of composite bipolar plates to different liquids (10 per investigation). Deviations in weight, thickness, surface topography, and electrical as well as mechanical properties were determined before and after exposure. Furthermore, to identify leachant ionic and organic species, the liquids were analyzed. 

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