Inhibitor treatment products

Prevention or inhibition of organic deposition is far more effective than removal. Commercially available inhibitor treatment products (wax crystal modifiers, and asphaltene dispersants or inhibitors) are available. Selection should be based on careful laboratory evaluation and testing with appropriately preserved produced crude oil samples. 

There are no commercially viable inhibitor treatments commonly available that can provide complete waterside protection under any and all water chemistry and operational conditions Vendors generally design inhibitor products for only a limited range of the cooling water spectrum. Therefore, for any particular cooling system, careful product selection and control is necessary to ensure adequate coverage and protection. 

Or perhaps, within each inhibitor category, there may be a range of products all containing, say, phosphonates. Typically, for each inhibitor treatment in the range, the phosphonate type is upgraded, blended, or increased in concentration, which permits the inhibitor to perform under progressively higher levels of stress. 

For any cooling water program, the performance of an inhibitor treatment, in controlling some or all of the potential waterside problems likely to be experienced under any proposed operating conditions, is dependent on the design of the formulation and the effectiveness of the subsequent product application and control. 

Add inhibitor treatment directly to the system, at a level sufficient to achieve 2 to 3x the regular product reserve. Take sufficient time for the inhibitor addition process (perhaps 1 to 2 hours). Care is needed to prevent localized supersaturation and the subsequent precipitation of calcium phosphonate and other species. Reduce bleed and allow the COC to rise naturally. Maintain this level of product reserve for 48 hours. 

Do not use emulsifying surfactants, as they will enable the oil to mix more easily with the water and to be carried through the system to the heat-transfer zones. High levels of bleed are also normally required. This necessitates additional inhibitor treatment to maintain the product reserve. 

Statins. Statins, such as atorvastatin (Lipotor), simvastatin (Zocor) and lovastatin (Mevacor), are fungal-derived HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Treatment results in an increased cellular uptake of LDLs, since the intracellular synthesis of cholesterol is inhibited and cells are therefore dependent on extracellular sources of cholesterol. However, since mevalonate (the product of the HMG-CoA reductase reaction) is also required for the synthesis of other important isoprenoid compounds besides cholesterol, long-term treatments carry some risk of toxicity. 

Our use of the Tet-On antisense COX-2 clones firmly established that the effect of COX-2 inhibitors on prostate cancer cell apoptosis was independent of COX-2 inhibitory activity. Both doxycycline-induced COX-2 depletion and treatment with COX-2 inhibitors inhibited PGE production, yet only the latter induced apoptotic death. In addition, the susceptibility to COX-2 inhibitor-induced apoptosis was independent of the level of COX-2 expression in the clones, as was the signaling pathways affected by COX-2 inhibitor treatment. 

Lee and co-workers used 2,4-dichloroquinazolines in their development of 4-benzylamino phosophdiesterase (PDE) inhibitors. Treatment of 2,4-dichloro-6-((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)quinazoline with benzyl amine under thermal conditions gave the corresponding 4-substituted product selectively. A yield was not reported for this reaction. 

Frequently iron counts are used as a means of monitoring corrosion and the effectiveness of inhibitor treatments in gas wells. Interpreting iron counts without supporting data can he misleading. In order to properly assess iron counts the chloride content, rate of water production, and information as to hydrogen sulfide or carbon dioxide content of gas is necessary. 

Uses Dispersant, fluid loss control aid, scale inhibitor, aids cuttings suspension, removal from the hole for oil field applies. scale inhibitor for production squeeze treatments... 

A new generation of antiinflammatory agents having immunosuppressive activity has been developed. The appearance of preclinical and clinical reports suggest that these are near entry to the pharmaceutical market. For example, tenidap (CP-66,248) (12) has been demonstrated to inhibit IL-1 production from human peripheral blood monocytes in culture (55). Clinically, IL-1 in synovial fluids of arthritic patients was reduced following treatment with tenidap. Patients with rheumatoid or osteoarthritis, when treated with tenidap, showed clinical improvement (57,58). In addition to its immunological effects, tenidap also has an antiinflammatory profile similar to the classical NSAIDs (59). Other synthetic inhibitors of IL-1 production are SKF 86002 (20) andE-5110 (21) (55). 

DiaZepin Nucleosides. Four naturally occurring dia2epin nucleosides, coformycin (58), 2 -deoxycoformycin (59), adechlorin or 2 -chloro-2 -deoxycoformycin (60), and adecypenol (61), have been isolated (1—4,174,175). The biosynthesis of (59) and (60) have been reported to proceed from adenosine and C-1 of D-ribose (30,176,177). They are strong inhibitors of adenosine deaminase and AMP deaminase (178). Compound (58) protects adenosine and formycin (12) from deamination by adenosine deaminase. Advanced hairy cell leukemia has shown rapid response to (59) with or without a-or P-interferon treatment (179—187). In addition, (59) affects interleukin-2 production, receptor expression on human T-ceUs, DNA repair synthesis, immunosuppression, natural killer cell activity, and cytokine production (188—194). 

When antifreeze becomes unsuitable for use, either because of depletion of inhibitors, presence of corrosion products or corrosive ions, or degradation of the fluid, recycling and reuse of the antifreeze, rather than disposal, may be considered. Although ethylene glycol is readily biodegraded in typical municipal waste treatment faciHties, antifreeze disposal becomes problematic because the coolant may contain hazardous quantities of heavy metals picked up from the cooling system. Recycling may be economically preferred over coolant disposal and reduces the concern for environmental impact. 

Paradoxically, the thia2ides are efficacious, especially if combined with a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor such as indomethacin or aspirin, in the treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insidipus, in which the patient s renal tubules fail to reabsorb water despite the excessive production of ADH (28). Thia2ides can decrease the urine volume up to 50% in these patients. 

Compounds 111 having structural features of the dual cyclooxygenase (COX)/5-lipooxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor tepoxalin and the 5-LO inhibitor ABT-761 were prepared. Many of these hybrid compounds are potent COX and 5-LO inhibitors two compounds (111, r =McO, R = R" = R = H, R = NH2, R = Me and r = MeO, R = R = Me, R" = R = H, R = Cl) inhibited eicosanoid biosynthesis in an ex vivo assay, but neither improved on the main deficiency of tepoxalin, duration of 5-LO inhibitory activity (99BMCL979). Compounds 111 inhibit the production of arachidonic acid products associated with 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase and are useful in the treatment of inflammatory disorders (99USP5925769). 

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