Infrastructure threats

In response to this infrastructure threat, some cities are taking additional preventive measures. They are attempting to limit access to tunnels and water... 

The DHS Homeland Infrastructure Threat and Risk Analysis Center (HITRAC), which conducts integrated threat analysis for all critical infrastructure and key resources (CI/KR) sectors, will work in parmership with owners and operators and... 

Threats caused by Climate Change in general and Impacts of Infrastructure Design on the Environment. 

In 2000, the FBI identified and listed threats to critical infrastructure. These threats are listed and described in table 7.1. 

In July 2002, the National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC) reported that the potential for compound cyber and physical attacks, referred to as swarming attacks, is an emerging threat to the U.S. critical infrastructure. As NIPC reports, the effects of a swarming attack include slowing or complicating the response to a physical attack. 

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). 2000. Threats to critical infrastructure. Washington, DC Federal Bureau of Investigation. 

Product development public-private partnerships (p-PPPs) are collaborative organizations between non-profit and for-profit organizations. They are institutionalized with public intervention and/or funding because markets are perceived as unable to adequately connect relevant resources and capabilities between science and industry in basic research. Clearly, diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, and others that are even less well known are rampant in developing countries but are far less of a threat in most developed countries (Wheeler and Berkley 2001 Kaplan and Laing 2004). There is, therefore, little or no economic incentive to develop pharmaceutical products for these diseases (Biel 2001 Milne, Kaitin, and Ronchi 2004 Kaplan and Laing 2004). The industry s lack of enthusiasm is also a result of distribution challenges in countries with poor infrastructures and lack of awareness about these diseases in more developed countries, liability considerations, inadequate science base, and underestimation of the disease burden. Product PPPs have been developed to address... 

The Internet, the very same element that has made the Information Society a reality has also allowed all kinds of hacker communities to flourish, by providing them with increased and inexpensive communication means. This not only has resulted in vast increase in the numbers of potential attackers, but has also led to a wide proliferation of malicious tools and techniques that are now available to any interested party, literally one click away. Thus, the threats against the critical information infrastructure are many and the likelihood of their appearance is very high. Similarly, considering that attacks are becoming all the more sophisticated, one concludes that the likelihood of a serious attack to succeed is also very high. 

Pouget, F., M. Dacier, and V.H. Pham, Understanding Threats a Prerequisite to Enhance Survivability of Computing Systems, in Proceedings of the International Infrastructure Survivability Workshop (IISW 2004), Dec. 2004, Portugal. 

As fire represents a threat to life, property, and the environment, there is a need to control its impact in such a way that life is fully protected, and damage to property and the environment are minimized. Fire safety is the means by which infrastructure is designed in a manner such that these goals are achieved. 

Networked IPC systems rely on a communications infrastructure that is subject to system-wide threats either from externally introduced viruses, compatibility with other applications, or unauthorized network access, e.g., via a vendor support link. 

Process safety incidents can lead to disruption of production operations that may last hours, days, weeks, or even years. Incidents that Define Process Safety is replete with examples of fires, explosions, and releases that have had a significant impact on the chemical and refining industries approaches to modem process safety (CCPS, 2008a). Severe incidents can lead to significant loss of life, destruction of property, and damage to the environment and surrounding infrastructure as well as regulatory and financial costs, civil and criminal liabilities, and even threats to the enterprise s survival (CCPS, 2006). For example ... 

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