Infrared spectroscopy phenols

There is supporting evidence in the literature for the validity of this method two cases in particular substantiate it. In one, tests were made on plastics heated in the pressure of air. Differential infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the chemical changes at three temperatures, in the functional groups of a TP acrylonitrile, and a variety of TS phenolic plastics. The technique uses a film of un-aged plastic in the reference beam and the aged sample in the sample beam. Thus, the difference between the reference and the aged sample is a measure of the chemical changes. 

Complexes. The structure of an n a charge-transfer complex between quinoxaline and two iodine atoms has been obtained by X-ray analysis and its thermal stability compared with those of related complexes. The hydrogen bond complex between quinoxaline and phenol has been studied by infrared spectroscopy and compared with many similar complexes. Adducts of quinoxaline with uranium salts and with a variety of copper(II) alkano-ates have been prepared, characterized, and studied with respect to IR spectra or magnetic properties, respectively. 

Standardisation of EPDM characterisation tests (molecular composition, stabiliser and oil content) for QC and specification purposes was reported [64,65]. Infrared spectroscopy (rather than HPLC or photometry) is recommended for the determination of the stabiliser content (hindered phenol type) of EP(D)M [65]. Determination of the oil content of oil-extended EPDM is best carried out by Soxhlet extraction using MEK as a solvent [66], A round robin test was reported that evaluated the various techniques currently used in the investigation of unknown rubber compounds (passenger tyre tread stock formulations) [67]. 

Analyses of the chloroform-soluble extracts of the subbituminous coal by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the presence of a sharp carbonyl absorption peak (1800-1650 cm ) in the extracts from the parent coal and in those obtained at yields less than about 10% wt dmmf. The peak, which is attributed to ketones and carboxylates, disappeared at higher conversions (16). Whitehurst and co-workers (12) established that carbonyl- containing compounds, such as esters and carboxylates, can cleave under thermal treatment to produce CO, CO2 and phenols. They concluded that the evolution of these gases during coal liquefaction could originate from the decomposition of similar oxygen functionalities in the coal. 

Tejedor-Tejedor, M.L Yost, E.C. Anderson, M.C. (1990a) Characterization of benzoic acid and phenolic complexes at the goethite/ aqueous solution interface using cylindrical internal reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Part 5 Methodology. Langmuir 6 979-987... 

Characterization of the polyester can be done by infrared spectroscopy and inherent viscosity measurement (c = 5 g/l at 25 °C) in a mixture of 1,1,2,2-tetrachlo-roethane/phenol (1 1).The inherent viscosity should be at least 0.1 l/g. 

Edelmann, A. et al.. Rapid method for the discrimination of red wine cultivars based on the mid-infrared spectroscopy of phenolic wine extracts, J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 1139, 2001. 

Analysis of oligomers for phenolic hydroxyl end groups was conducted by quantitative infrared spectroscopy. Hydroxyl absorbance at 3580 cm-1 was measured for a number of synthetic mixtures of bisphenol-A and bisphenol-A homopolycarbonate. A calibration curve for hydroxyl absorbance vs. weight percent hydroxyl end groups was constructed. Hydroxyl content of bisphenol-A oligomers was calculated from the calibration data. 

The acid, base, and neutral Lewis base fractions consist of polar molecules capable of hydrogen bonding and, therefore, of intermolecular association. These polar fractions, which constitute nearly two-thirds of the 675°C+ residuum, have high concentrations of heteroelements in comparison to the nonpolar aromatic and saturate hydrocarbons, as shown in Table IX for the residuum from a Russian crude oil. Infrared spectroscopy of the acid fraction revealed mostly pyrroles with phenols but only traces of... 

The remaining useful life evaluation routine (RULER) is a useful monitoring program for used engine oils. The RULER system is based on a voltammetric method (Jefferies and Ameye, 1997 Kauffman, 1989 and 1994). The data allows the user to monitor the depletation of two additives ZDDP and the phenol/amineH+ antioxidant. The RULER results were compared to other standard analytical techniques, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), total base number (TBN), total acid number (TAN), and viscosity to determine any correlation between the techniques (Jefferies and Ameye, 1997 and 1998). The test concluded that the RULER instrument can... 

Complete infrared and Raman data for pyridazine are given and assignments were made. A review by Katritzky and Ambler includes infrared data for pyridazine and other heteroaromatic compounds. Infrared spectroscopy has been applied also to the study of hydrogen-bonded complexes with phenol. Calculations on the vibrational spectrum of pyridazine have been performed. ... 

The infrared spectroscopy method (IR) is being successfully employed for checking the hardening of phenol-urea-melamine-formaldehyde resins and materials derived from them. 

Williams DT, Tran Q, Fellin P, et al. 1991. Evaluation of gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-mass spectrometry for analysis of phenolic compounds. J Chromatog 549(1-2) 297-311. 

A. Fujii, T. Ebata, and N. Mikami, Direct observation of weak hydrogen bonds in micro-solvated phenol infrared spectroscopy of OH stretching vibrations of phenol-CO and -CO2 in So and Do, J. Phys. Chem. A 106, 10124-10129 (2002). 

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