Infrared reflection techniques

Chlordecone causes a number of neurotoxic responses in humans and animals exposed to sufficiently high levels. Tremor that is accentuated by intentional acts, sustained postural movement, anxiety, or fatigue has been observed in workers exposed to high levels of chlordecone. Tremorograms have been used to objectively assess the tremor associated with chlordecone exposure in humans (Taylor et al. 1978). An infrared reflection technique and oculography have been used to assess the oculomotor disturbances caused by chlordecone (Taylor et al. 1978). Standard tests for memory and intelligence can be used to determine the presence of encephalopathy, but in the absence of baseline preexposure levels for individuals, subtle changes may be difficult to detect. 

Infrared reflection techniques are used for surface characterization because they provide highly detailed information about the molecular structure, orientation on... 

Monolayer Films at the A/W Interface. Previous studies of phospholipid monolayers at gas-liquid interfaces have shown that it is possible to follow the first order thermodynamic phase transition of these monolayer films using the infrared reflectance techniques described in this manuscript (see e.g. ref. 6 and references cited therein). For long chain hydrocarbon molecules, it has been demonstrated that the frequencies of the antisymmetric and symmetric CH2 stretching vibrations are conformation-sensitive, and may be empirically correlated with the order (i.e. the trans-gauche character) of the hydrocarbon chains (9-11). 

Korte, E.-H. Roseler, A. Foundations and features of infrared reflection techniques. In Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy Schrader, B., Ed. Wiley-VCH Weinheim, 1995 572-602. 

Transmission instruments are used in milk analysis, and suitable provisional standards are available for fat, protein, and lactose determination in whole milk by use of a mid-infrared instrument. Near-infrared reflectance techniques are typically used for... 

R. Cubadda, S. Douglas. Investigations on the near infrared reflectance techniques for measming the properties of wheat and its products. In Proceedings of the 7th. World Cereal Bread Congress, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1982. 

If the sample has a smooth, planar surface so that good physical contact with an infrared-transparent, higher refractive index prism/plate may be achieved, it can be examined by an infrared reflection technique, for example, one using attenuated total reflection, multiple internal reflection. It should be borne in mind, when examining polymeric films, that the sample may be a laminate and hence examination may give very different spectra from reflection at the two surfaces and also from transmission techniques. A coating or paint may be directly applied to a transparent plate for transmission or reflection techniques. 

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