Infrared pyrometer

The deterrnination of surface temperature and temperature patterns can be made noninvasively using infrared pyrometers (91) or infrared cameras (92) (see Infrared technology and raman spectroscopy). Such cameras have been bulky and expensive. A practical portable camera has become available for monitoring surface temperatures (93). An appropriately designed window, transparent to infrared radiation but reflecting microwaves, as well as appropriate optics, is needed for this measurement to be carried out during heating (see Temperature measurement). 

Fig. 14.5 A modified MW oven for microwave photochemistry experiments. A. magnetron, B. reaction mixture with the EDL and a magnetic stir bar, C. aluminum plate, D. magnetic stirrer, E. infrared pyrometer, F. circulating water in a glass tube, G. dummy load inside the oven cavity [88]. With permission from Elsevier Science.

Fig. 12.9 Melt surface temperature rise at the capillary exit, calculated for ABS Cycolac T and measured ( ) with an infrared pyrometer Tq = 505 K, Dq = 0.319 cm, L/Dq — 30. The relationships Nu = C(GZ) 3 are used to estimate h. [Reprinted by permission from H. W. Cox and C. W. Macosko, Viscous Dissipation in Die Flow, AIChE J., 20, 785 (1974).]...

Furnace Simulation. The purpose of this example is to demonstrate the capability of the PF60 system to predict yield structure and the tubeskin temperature in commercial operating furnaces. Table II summarizes the data from a commercial reactor processing primarily propane as feedstock. At the time the data were taken, the furnace had been on stream less than four days and hence an unfouled radiant coil condition could be assumed. The yields were recorded by on-line chromatographs. The tubeskin temperatures were measured in 15 locations by calibrated infrared pyrometers. 

For maximum sensitivity, the wavelength of the infrared pyrometer should also be selected based on where the spectral radiancy changes most rapidly. For example, in the temperature range depicted in Figure 8.3, a frequency of 1.5 x 10u Hz (2 /im) will permit more precise temperature measurement than a frequency of 0.4 x 1014 Hz (7.5 /im). 

Microprocessor-based infrared pyrometers can be quite elaborate. Figure 8.13 shows a schematic of a scanning device which can determine the temperature of, and temperature gradients within, a large part during manufacture. 

Introduction to Infrared Pyrometers , The Temperature Handbook, Omega Corporation, Omega Corp., Stamford, CT, pp. Cl-4 (1991). 

The temperature of the specimen was determined with an infrared pyrometer (9). 

Example of an infrared pyrometer measuring the surface temperature of a porous refractory matrix burner. (From Baukal, C.E., Heat Transfer in Industrial Combustion, Boca Raton, FL CRC Press, 2000.)... 

Sintering and Densilication of Transparent Ceramics Infrared pyrometer... 

Tube wall or skin temperature is an important reliability parameter and should be closely monitored, and guidelines for tube fife can be developed. Guidelines should be effectively communicated to operators so that appropriate mbe temperature can be determined that could meet the production requirement while minimizing the risk of mbe damage. It is important for operators to know that over-firing is the main cause of mbe damage. Process plants use skin thermocouples and infrared pyrometers to monitor TWTs. 

It is very important to monitor the amount of seale on mbes to measure coking/ fouling/corrosion rates. This can be achieved by a thermoeouple and infrared pyrometer monitoring program. The scales on mbe inerease TWT or skin tempera-mre. 0.01 in. scale on mbe could raise mbe surface temperature by 100 °F. The common way to get rid of scale is to sandblast the scale off the mbes while ceramic coating on tubes is a preventive measure however, the later is expensive. 

Infrared pyrometer -pI- ra-mo-tor n. A narrow- or broad-band instrument that senses the peak wavelength, A (pm) of IR radiation emanating from a warm surface. By Wien s displacement law, the absolute temperature (K) is given by 2884/2. 

Melt temperature n. The temperature of molten or softened plastic at any point within the material being processed. In extrusion and injection molding, melt temperature is an important indicator of the state of the material and the process. Many types of instruments, most of them based on thermocouples or resistance thermometers, have been employed in extruders, where melt temperature is usually measured in the head and sometimes in the die. In thermoforming, temperatures of softened sheets are measured with infrared pyrometers. 

Sample connections, together with pressure, temperature and flow measurement points, are located at the inlet and outlet of the reformer and membrane modules to measure the performance of the RMM. A multipoint thermocouple is installed inside the first reformer tube in order to monitor the axial temperature profile along the heated catalyst length while two glass peepholes allow the reformer tube metal temperature to be measured by an infrared pyrometer. The control room is located in a safety area with a bird s eye view of the plant area. 

The epoxy prepolymer and the curing agent were mixed together prior to use, then the epoxy mixture (13 g) was poured into moulds (inside dimension 96 mmx 16 mmx8 mm), which were irradiated in a microwave applicator with TEqi propagation mode. The sample temperature was measured continuously by means of an infrared pyrometer that gave the surface temperature and fiber-optic thermometer that recorded the bulk temperature. Samples cured by both thermal... 

A. Bendada, M. Lamontagne, A New Infrared Pyrometer for Polymer Temperature Measurement during Extrusion Molding, Infrared Phys. TechnoL, 46,11-15 (2004)... 

I have used my infrared pyrometer in many applications such as ... 

---