Information, global distribution

Marketing forecasts for batteries have been compiled from the Annual Reports published by several battery companies. Information based on the trade journals and investor s brochures, which surveyed and evaluated the present and future global distribution of battery types, was collected. Points of interest were the availability of batteries and their performance/cost ratios, but also geographical usage in connection with social considerations, such as per-... 

Current estimates of the available reserves and further resources of uranium and thorium, and their global distribution, are shown in Figs. 5.44-5.50. The uraruum proven reserves indicated in Fig. 5.44 can be extracted at costs below 130 US /t, as can the probable additional reserves indicated in Fig. 5.45. Figure 5.46 shows new and unconventional resources that may later become reserves. They are inferred on the basis of geological modelling or other indirect information (OECD and IAEA, 1993 World Energy Council, 1995). The thorium resource estimates are from the US Geological Survey (Hedrick, 1998) and are similarly divided into reserves (Eig. 5.47), additional reserves (Fig. 5.48) and more speculative resources (Fig. 5.49). The thorium situation is less well explored than that of uranium the reserves cannot be said to be "economical", as they are presently mined for other purposes (rare earth metals), and thorium is only a byproduct with currently very limited areas of use. The "speculative" Th-resources may well have a similar status to some of the additional U-reserves. 

Figure 18 Global distribution of AOT t at 865 nm (upper panel) and dependence on wavelength A as the Angstrom exponent, a= — d In r/d In A (lower panel) for June 1997. The distributions were derived from radiance measurements at 18-km resolution by the POLDER (POLarization and Directionality of the Earth s Reflectance) radiometer aboard the ADEOS (ADvanced Earth Observing Satellite) platform. Retrieval is limited to the atmosphere above water surfaces. Courtesy of Laboratoire d Optique Atmospherique, Lille, France Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de TEnvironnement, Gif sur Yvette, France Centre National d etudes Spatiales, Toulouse, France and National Space Development Agency, Japan. For further information see http //earth-sciences.cnes.fr 8060/polder/...

Figure 3.10. Global distribution of the potential vorticity on the 850 K isentropic surface during a wintertime planetary wave event. The shaded region over the Pacific ocean with a weak gradient is characterized by nonlinear wave dissipation and strong quasi-horizontal mixing. This region is referred to as the surf zone . Wind vectors are also indicated and provide information about large-scale transport. Courtesy of A. O Neill, University of Reading, UK.

A second group of important POP s is represented by chlorinated pesticides. Major attention was attributed to the environmental occurrence and fate of DDT and its numerous metabolites. As a result a comprehensive knowledge about the major properties with respect to environmental considerations (environmental stability, toxicological effects, transport processes including its global distribution etc.) exists. For instance the information on the degradation pathway under aerobic as well as under anaerobic conditions is nearly complete as illustrated in Fig. 3. 

Although the globally distributed DDT is a very well investigated xenobiotic regarding the environmental occurrence and behaviour, detailed information about the fate of DDT in the bound residues fraction is very limited. Already in 1977 Lichtenstein et al. (1977) reported the formation of bound 14C-labelled DDT on agricultural soil accompanied by a drastically reduced insecticidal activity of the associated proportion. Also recent studies confirmed the decrease of DDT toxicity with time after application to soils as a result of less bioavailibility due the incorporation into the non-extractable particulate matter (Robertson and Alexander 1998). For a better understanding of the processes leading to these observations more information is required about the incorporation of DDT residues into the non-extractable particulate matter not only of soils but also of particulate matter within the aquatic environment. 

FIGURE 6 Global distribution of confirmed or inferred gas hydrate sites, 1997 (courtesy of James Booth, U.S. Geological Survey). This information represents our very limited knowledge. Gas hydrate probably is present in essentially all continental margins. 

Considering the contextual information, in the first example (top of Figure 6.6), the global distribution of the AP values for the —NH2S>—OH transformation... 

The global network used to deliver products and services from raw materials to end customers through an engineered flow of information, physical distribution, and cash. ... 

Supply chain 1. Life-cycle processes comprising physical, information, financial, and knowledge flows whose purpose is to satisfy end-user requirements with products and services from multiple, linked suppliers. 2. The global network used to deliver products and services from raw materials to end customers through an engineered flow of information, physical distribution, and cash. (Adapted from APICS Dictionary, lOtb edition)... 

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