Expanded metal

Fig. 8. Anode for monopolar diaphragm cells a, activated (coated) expanded metal b, expanding spring c, titanium-clad copper bar d, copper thread to fix...

Other types of mechanical agitation consist of vibrating screens or expanded metal panels. However, if the device fails to perform for any reason, discharging material from the bin will be much more difficult than if the device were not present. 

Fig. 5. Lead—Acid battery grid design variations showing A lugs, B feet, C frames, and D current carrying wire for (a) rectilinear design, (b) corner lug radial, (c) center lug radial, (d) corner lug expanded metal, and (e) plastic/lead composite.

Materials of construction C = ceramic E = expanded metal G= metal gauze S = sheet metal. 

Solenoid magnetic separators are designed for batch-type, cyclic, and continuous operation. Devices which can use matrices of expanded metal, grooved plates, steel balls, or filamentaiy metals have been designed. Continuous separators with capacities to 600 t/h for iron ores (similar to the Brazilian hematite) are commercially available (Sala International Inc.). Selection of the method of operation is apphcation-dependent, being based on variables such as temperature, pressure, volume of magnetics in the feed, etc. 

Marston Sala high-gradient magnetic separator Electromagnet, SI 1 percondi icting 20,000 50,000 Steel wool, expanded metal, steel halls 25x Itf Strongly to very weakly 0.0001-2 Iron ores, industrial minerals, coal, liquefied coal, wastewaters, purifiers, catalyst recovery, chemical industry... 

Castables can be modifieci by a clay addition to keep the mass intact, thus allowing apphcation by air-pressure gunning (gunite). Depending upon the size and geometry of the equipment, many castable hnings must be reinforced wire and expanded metal are commonly used. 

In such cases basket anodes are frequently used. These have a relatively large surface and work at a low driving voltage due to their special construction. A cylinder of platinized titanium-expanded metal serves as the basket to which a titanium rod is welded. This serves as the current lead and carrier, and ends in a plastic foot that contains the cable lead and at the same time serves as the mounting plate. The expanded metal anode exhibits a very uniform anode current density distribution, even at large dimensions, in contrast to the plate anode. The reason is the many comers and edges of the metal that make the point effect only evident at the outer edges of the anode. 

Ashby has taken his approach a stage further with the introduction of physically based estimates of material properties where these have not been measured (Ashby 1998. Bassett et al. 1998), where an independent check on values is thought desirable or where property ranges of categories of materials would be useful. Figure 5.5(c) is one example of the kind of estimates which his approach makes possible. A still more recent development of Ashby s approach to materials selection is an analysis in depth of the total financial cost of using alternative materials (for different number of identical items manufactured). Thus, an expanded metallic foam beam offers the... 

FIGURE 5-3. Expanded metal cartridge flame arrester element details. (Source Westech Industrial Ltd.)... 

Expanded metal cartridge flame arresters are available for deflagration and detonation applications and are designed for bidirectional flow. 

Snccessful full-scale tests on quenching of deflagrations and detonations using expanded metal cartridge flame arresters were performed to USCG standards on Group C and D gases by Westech Industrial Ltd. (Lapp 1992, Lapp and Vickers 1992). 

Figure 9-6MM. Nutter BHS structured packing with expanded metal texture, which maintains high mass transfer efficiency across all operating conditions. Nutter Engineering designs and manufactures BSH in North America under exclusive license from Julius Montz GmbH of Germany. Used by permission of Nutter Engineering, Harsco Corp.

A guarded machine is an open machine in which all openings giving direct access to live metal or rotating parts (except smooth rotating surfaces) are limited in size by the structural parts or by screens, baffles, grilles, expanded metal, or other means to prevent accidental contact with hazardous parts. 

Medium- to heavy-density mineral wool mat with wire netting or expanded metal mechanically secured on one or both sides. Mattress-type products are used for irregular-shaped surfaces and on large pipes and vessels. It is also used as large-cavity fire barriers. 

Fitting expanded metal or welded mesh below the roof covering, sandwiched between the skins of doubleskinned roof coverings or within the roof space ... 

Reduce heat output or provide shielding. Radiant heat can be reduced by several methods such as insulating the equipment s hot surfaces, painting it with aluminum paint to reduce heat emission or by installing a screen (two layers of expanded metal) between the workstation and the equipment. 

For problem-free processing, high tensile and puncture strengths are desirable. Especially when using expanded metal... 

The interstitial hydrides of transition metals differ from the salt-like hydrides of the alkali and alkaline-earth metals MH and MH2, as can be seen from their densities. While the latter have higher densities than the metals, the transition metal hydrides have expanded metal lattices. Furthermore, the transition metal hydrides exhibit metallic luster and are semiconducting. Alkali metal hydrides have NaCl structure MgH2 has rutile structure. 

Flame arresters are fitted in the vent lines of equipment that contains flammable material to prevent the propagation of flame through the vents. Various types of proprietary flame arresters are used. In general, they work on the principle of providing a heat sink, usually expanded metal grids or plates, to dissipate the heat of the flame. Flame arrestors and their applications are discussed by Rogowski (1980), Howard (1992) and Mendoza et al. (1988). 

Heraeus markets a multicathode metal depletion system. In the system, one or two anodes face a large number of permeable cathodes, e.g. in form of copper strips similar to expanded metal. [90,234a], Plattner and Comninellis have developed large scale reactors total plate electrode surface ca. 20 m2, cf. ref. [140]. 

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