Industrial examples sugar industry

Crystals are familiar to everyone, eommon examples being salt and sugar. Less eommon but more alluring are diamonds and other gemstones. More prosaie are the innumerable erystals manufaetured in the bulk, fine ehemieal and pharmaeeutieal industries, in both primary produets, seeondary formulations and their intermediates. As illustrated by the erystal produets in Table 1.1, their range is immense and ineludes some highly sophistieated materials. Similarly, worldwide produetion rates and value are ever inereasing. 

It is important that chemical engineers master an understanding of metabolic engineering, which uses genetically modified or selected organisms to manipulate the biochemical pathways in a cell to produce a new product, to eliminate unwanted reactions, or to increase the yield of a desired product. Mathematical models have the potential to enable major advances in metabolic control. An excellent example of industrial application of metabolic engineering is the DuPont process for the conversion of com sugar into 1,3-propanediol,... 

Small amounts of impurities have a significant effect on the refractive index. In fact, the refractive index for many binary mixtures changes linearly with concentration over a wide range of concentrations. A calibration curve of refractive index vs. concentration along with the refractive index of a sample can be used to find the concentration of a species in the sample. For example, the food and beverage industry uses the refractive index to find the concentration of sugar solutions. Table 15.1 lists several additional applications for refractive index. 

Again, it is also important to remember that chemical emergency situations can easily reach beyond the boundaries of any industrial plant. This is to be expected, especially in this age of population explosion with its characteristic urban sprawl. It is not unusual to find, for example, a chemical industrial plant site or other industrial plant that originally was isolated from city dwellers but later became surrounded on all sides by neighbors. The point is that when a chemical spill or chemical disaster occurs in an isolated area there may be no cause for general alarm however, when such a deliberate disaster occurs in the plant site as described in the sugar plant incident, it should be clear that the purpose of PSM, RMP, the Patriot Act, Homeland Security directives, OSHA s Combustible Dust NEP, and other safety/security factors is far-reaching—and absolutely critical to the survival of a free society. 

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