Inductively coupled plasma axial view

Brenner, I.B. and Zander, A.T. (2000). Axially and radially viewed inductively coupled plasmas - a critical review. Spectrochimica Acta B55 1195-1240. 

Silva, F.Y., Trevizan, L. C., Silva, C. S., Nogueira, A. R. A., and Nobrega, J. A. (2002). Evaluation of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometers with axially and radially viewed configurations. Spectrochimica Acta B 57 1905-1913. 

Determination of Trace Elements in Drinking Water by Axially Viewed Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry... 

M. Chausseau, E. Poussel and J. M. Mermet, Signal and signal-to-background ratio response surface using axially viewed inductively coupled plasma multichannel detection-based emission spectrometry,... 

M. Grotti, C. Lagomarsino, F. Soggia and R. Frache, Multivariate optimisation of an axially viewed inductively coupled plasma multichannel-based emission spectrometer for the analysis of environmental samples, Ann. Chim. (Rome), 95(1-2), 2005, 37-51. 

Figure 21-24 compares detection limits for flame, furnace, and inductively coupled plasma analyses on instruments from one manufacturer. The detection limit for furnaces is typically two orders of magnitude lower than that observed with a flame because the sample is confined in the small volume of the furnace for a relatively long time. For instruments in Figure 21-24, detection limits for the inductively coupled plasma are intermediate between the flame and the furnace. With ultrasonic nebulization and axial plasma viewing, the sensitivity of the inductively coupled plasma is close to that of the graphite furnace. 

Kato, T., Uehiro, T., Yasuhara, A. and Morita, M. (1992) Determination of methylmercury species by capillary column gas chromatography with axially viewed inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric detection./. Anal. At. Spectrom., 7, 15-18. 

Apparatus Use a suitable Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrophotometer set to 226.502 nm for cadmium and to 371.029 for yttrium (internal standard) with an axial view mode. (This method was developed using a Perkin-Elmer Model 3300 DV equipped with a sapphire injector, low-flow GemCone nebulizer, cyclonic spray chamber, and yttrium internal standard.) Use acid-rinsed plastic volumetric flasks and other labware. 

Brenner IB, Zander A, Cole M, Wiseman A. Comparison of axially and radially viewed inductively coupled plasmas for multi-element analysis effect of sodium and calcium. J Anal Atom Spectrom 1997 12 897-906. 

Performance evaluation of an axially viewed horizontal inductively coupled plasma for optical emission spectrometry, Spectrochim Acta, Part B 50 1207-1226. 

Gaeavaglia R, Rebagliati R, Robeeti M and Babistoni D (2002) Matrix effect in the analysis of biological matrices by axial view inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Spectrochim Acta B57 1925-1938. 

E.J. dos Santos, A.B. Herrmann, M.A. Vieira, V.L.A. Frescura, and A.J. Curtius. Evaluation of slurry preparation procedures for the determination of mercury by axial view inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometiy using on-line cold vajror generation. Spectrochimica Acta Part B Atomic Spectroscopy 60 659-665, 2005. 

Chausseau M., Poussel E. and Mermet J.-M. (2001) Self-absorption effects in radially and axially viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry - the key role of the operating conditions, Freseniu f Anal. Chem. 370 341-347. 

JORABCHi K., Kahen K., Cree M. E. and Montaser A. (2003) Investigation of the direct injection high efficiency nebulizer for axially and radially viewed inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, J. Anal. 

Figure 14.3 Plasmas obtained by inductively coupling or by microwaves, (a) Above left, (radial viewing to collect radial light). A radiofrequency current (between 27 and 50 MHz) that induces circulation of electrons in the inert gas drives the torch. The inner tube is used to inject the sample into the plasma. Right (for axial viewing), cooled device using fibre optic. The torch may consume up 10 to 15L/min of argon, which serves simultaneously as the ionization gas, nebulization gas and cooling gas (to avoid the torch melting ), (b) Below is a microwave plasma used at the outlet of a gas chromatograph for a specialized detector. These plasma sources must be stabilized for better reproducibility of the analyses.

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