Buoyancy-induced groundwater flow system

Davis et al., 1985 Rabinowicz et al., 1985 Haszeldine et al., 1984 Gerretsen et al., 1991) and to explain observed chemical characteristics of groundwater around salt domes (e.g. Hanor, 1987a Ranganathan and Hanor, 1988). 

The increasing temperatures with depth in a sedimentary basin cause a thermal expansion and hence a decrease in density of the groundwater with depth. This vertical density stratification may induce free convection of the groundwater if the critical Rayleigh number (R = 40) is exceeded (e.g. Wood and Hewett, 1982). 

Ocean trench foreland basin ( oothills- margin) 40 80 

Active strike-slip, deep lithosphere Involvement 

Active strike-slip, shallow thin-skinned (crustal) extension only 

---