Induced simple

Mohanty, B., Bohidar, H.B. (2003). Systematic of alcohol-induced simple coacervation in aqueous gelatin solutions. Biomacromolecules, 4, 1080-1086. 

The steady and dynamic drag-induced simple shear-flow rheometers, which are limited to very small shear rates for the steady flow and to very small strains for the dynamic flow, enable us to evaluate rheological properties that can be related to the macromolecular structure of polymer melts. The reason is that very small sinusoidal strains and very low shear rates do not take macromolecular polymer melt conformations far away from their equilibrium condition. Thus, whatever is measured is the result of the response of not just a portion of the macromolecule, but the contribution of the entire macromolecule. 

Adenosine blocks the parallel fiber-induced simple spike discharge in Purkinje cells (Kostopoulos et ah, 1975) but not the climbing fiber-mediated synaptic transmission (Kocsis et ah, 1984). The effect of adenosine is presynaptic and is mediated by Al-adenosine receptors that are located on parallel fibers. A1-adenosine receptors are coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins and inhibit adenyl cyclase. Activation of A1-adenosine receptors decreases transmitter release from the terminals (Dolphin and Prestwich, 1985, see Fredholm and Dunwiddie, 1988, for a review). The presence of A1-adenosine receptors on parallel fibers was demonstrated autoradiographically by... 

Thermolysis of these complexes does not induce simple reductive elimination of the arenethiolato and hydrido ligands, but gives a mixture of arene, aryl sulhde, and phosphine sulfide. 

The polymerization of l-oxa-3-thiacyclopentane by two different initiators gives widely contrasting results. With boron fluoride etherate the system is regarded as quite uncomplicated," whereas triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate was claimed to induce simple and fast initiation, but slow propagation with extensive chain-transfer." ... 

Any voluntary flexion of the finger lengthens the actuators. Each of them offers a counteracting force, whose modulus F is the sum of a passive component (elastic recovery) and an active component (electrically induced). Simple calculations adopting a linear elastic model for the elastomer (in the hypothesis of sufficiently small strains, e.g. up to 10%), lead to the following total force generated by the iV parallel actuators ... 

Much has been published on ethanol and sodium sulfate for inducing simple coacervation in gelatin solutions, and on the gelatin-gum arabic complex coacer-vate system. Polyphosphates have been relatively little studied in the literature, but are examples of polyelectrolytes which can participate in both simple and complex coacervate formation. 

The analysis of the curves obtained in the thin-skin regime ean lead to a simple determination of slot length depending on the dimension of the probe chosen for the inspection. If the size of the probe (outer diameter) is smaller than the defect length we can notice 5 zones relative to the relationship between the position of the probe, the interaction of the induced eddy current and the slot, and the impedance change for the probe. 

Perhaps the most fascinating detail is the surface reconstruction that occurs with CO adsorption (see Refs. 311 and 312 for more general discussions of chemisorption-induced reconstructions of metal surfaces). As shown in Fig. XVI-8, for example, the Pt(lOO) bare surface reconstructs itself to a hexagonal pattern, but on CO adsorption this reconstruction is lifted [306] CO adsorption on Pd( 110) reconstructs the surface to a missing-row pattern [309]. These reconstructions are reversible and as a result, oscillatory behavior can be observed. Returning to the Pt(lOO) case, as CO is adsorbed patches of the simple 1 x 1 structure (the structure of an undistorted (100) face) form. Oxygen adsorbs on any bare 1 x 1 spots, reacts with adjacent CO to remove it as CO2, and at a certain point, the surface reverts to toe hexagonal stmcture. The presumed sequence of events is shown in Fig. XVIII-28. 

Kaptein R 1971 Simple rules for chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization J. Chem. See. Chem. Commun. 732-3... 

Measurements of Stark splittings in microwave and radiofrequency spectra allow tliese components to be detennined. The main contribution to tire dipole moment of tire complex arises from tire pennanent dipole moment vectors of tire monomers, which project along tire axes of tire complex according to simple trigonometry (cosines). Thus, measurements of tire dipole moment convey infonnation about tire orientation of tire monomers in tire complex. It is of course necessary to take account of effects due to induced dipole moments and to consider whetlier tire effects of vibrational averaging are important. 

Also in general terms, the TOF part of the hybrid is used mostly for MS/MS studies in which ions produced in the magnetic sector are collided with neutral gas molecules to induce decomposition (see Chapter 23). In this mode the instrument produces more highly resolved product ion spectra than can be attained in simple magnetic-sector instruments. 

To increase the number of ions, a plasma or corona discharge is produced in the mist issuing from the capillary. The electrical discharge induces more ionization in the neutrals accompanying the few thermospray ions. This enhancement increases the ionization of sample molecules and makes the technique much more sensitive to distinguish it from simple thermospray, it is called plasmaspray. 

Mutagenicity. The AJ-nitrosamines, in general, induce mutations in standard bacterial-tester strains (117). As with carcinogenicity, enzymatic activation, typically with Hver microsomal preparations, is required. Certain substituted A/-nitrosamine derivatives (12) induce mutations without microsomal activation (31,33,34). Because the a-acetoxy derivatives can hydroly2e to the corresponding a-hydroxy compounds, this is consistent with the hypothesis that enzymatic oxidation leads to the formation of such unstable a-hydroxy intermediates (13) (118). However, for simple /V-nitrosamines, no systematic relationship has been found between carcinogenicity and mutagenicity (117,119—123). 

LB Films of Polymerizable Amphiphiles. Stxidies of LB films of polymerizable amphiphiles include simple olefinic amphiphiles, conjugated double bonds, dienes, and diacetylenes (4). In general, a monomeric ampbipbile can be spread and polymerization can be induced either at tbe air—water interface or after transfer to a soHd substrate. Tbe former polymerization results in a rigid layer tbat is difficult to transfer. 

Aziridinimine derivatives are also accessible by the photochemically induced extrusion of nitrogen and ring contraction of simple alkylidene tetrazolines (424) <75AG(E)428). Thus, Pyrex-filtered photolysis of (424) at -60 °C quantitatively afforded the aziridinimines (425). 

The aqueous micellai solutions of some surfactants exhibit the cloud point, or turbidity, phenomenon when the solution is heated or cooled above or below a certain temperature. Then the phase sepai ation into two isotropic liquid phases occurs a concentrated phase containing most of the surfactant and an aqueous phase containing a surfactant concentration close to the critical micellar concentration. The anionic surfactant solutions show this phenomenon in acid media without any temperature modifications. The aim of the present work is to explore the analytical possibilities of acid-induced cloud point extraction in the extraction and preconcentration of polycyclic ai omatic hydrocai bons (PAHs) from water solutions. The combination of extraction, preconcentration and luminescence detection of PAHs in one step under their trace determination in objects mentioned allows to exclude the use of lai ge volumes of expensive, high-purity and toxic organic solvents and replace the known time and solvent consuming procedures by more simple and convenient methods. 

Alter the environment to render it less eorrosive. This approach may be as simple as maintaining clean metal surfaces. It is well known that the chemistry of the environment beneath deposits can become substantially different than that of the bulk environment. This difference can lead to localized, underdeposit corrosion (see Chap. 4, Underdeposit Corrosion ). The pit sites produced may then induce corrosion fatigue when cyclic stresses are present. The specific steps taken to reduce corrosivity vary with the metal under consideration. In general, appropriate adjustments to pH and reduction or elimination of aggressive ions should be considered. 

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