Drag-induced

Mirapex), and ropinirole (Requip) are newer drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson s disease Drag-induced parkinsonism is treated with the anticholinergics benz-tropine (Cogentin) and trihexyphenidyl (Artane). 

Pauli-Magnus C, Meier PJ (2006) Hepatobiliary transporters and drag-induced cholestasis. Hepatology 44 778-787... 

A high concentration of Ca in the intestinal lumen relative to the ECF tends to drive Ca absorption via the paracellular route. Water naturally seeps through the "microspaces (Wasserman, 2004), or cellular jimctions between adjacent enterocytes, during absorption thus creating a paracellular pathway between which 8-30% of the total Ca absorbed (McCormick, 2002) is entrained as a solute. The transfer of Ca by a solvent drag-induced mechanism is via a passive diffusion process in response to increases in the osmolarity of the lumenal contents. This pathway is not site specific and the opportunity for Ca absorption via this route occurs throughout the entire length of the small intestine (Weaver and Liebman, 2002). 

Coleman, M.D. Coleman, N.A. (1996) Drag-induced methaemoglobinaemia. DrugSaf, 14, 394-405... 

The unit can be fed polymer in the particulate solids form or as strips, as in the case of rubber extrusion. The solids (usually in pellet or powder form) in the hopper flow by gravity into the screw channel, where they are conveyed through the solids conveying section. They are compressed by a drag-induced mechanism in the transition section. In other words, melting is accomplished by heat transfer from the heated barrel surface and by mechanical shear heating. 

Lai, W.M. and Mow, V.C. (1980) Drag-induced compression of articular cartilage during a permeation experiment. Biorheology, 17, 111-123. 

The steady and dynamic drag-induced simple shear-flow rheometers, which are limited to very small shear rates for the steady flow and to very small strains for the dynamic flow, enable us to evaluate rheological properties that can be related to the macromolecular structure of polymer melts. The reason is that very small sinusoidal strains and very low shear rates do not take macromolecular polymer melt conformations far away from their equilibrium condition. Thus, whatever is measured is the result of the response of not just a portion of the macromolecule, but the contribution of the entire macromolecule. 

Steady Drag-induced Flow in Straight Channels, 162... 

STEADY DRAG-INDUCED FLOW IN STRAIGHT CHANNELS... 

Drag-induced flow in a rectangular channel, as in Fig. 4.15, neglecting cross-channel forces, resulted in Eq. 4.9-3. We now consider the effect of these forces on the conveying mechanism. 

Fig. 5.3 Schematic representation of drag-induced melt removal and pressure-induced melt removal mechanisms.

Removal of the melt, also discussed in Section 5.1, is made possible, in principle, by two mechanisms drag-induced flow and pressure-induced flow (Fig. 5.4). In both cases, the molten layer must be sheared, leading to viscous dissipation. The latter provides an additional, important source of thermal energy for melting, the rate of which can be controlled externally either by the velocity of the moving boundary in drag-induced melt removal or the external force applied to squeeze the solid onto the hot surface, in pressure-induced melt removal. 

Unlike in drag-induced flows, where we compute the flow rate from the velocity profiles, in this case, because of the positive displacement nature of the flow, we could easily relate flow rate to the axial motion of the closed chambers. But in order to understand the nature of the flow inside the chamber, for mixing and power consumption we do need to derive the detailed velocity profiles. 

Drag-induced pressurization in shallow screw channels was discussed in Section 6.3, and the flow rate is given in Eqs. 6.3-27 and 6.3-28. The former can be rewritten as... 

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