Indium oxide catalysts

The influence of the oxide support (i.e. AI2O3, Nb20s, Si02 and Ti02) on the surface properties, reduction and oxidation properties and acid-base properties of supported indium oxide catalysts has been investigated by temperature pro-... 

Umegaki T, Kuratani K, Yamada Y, Ueda A, Kuriyma N, Kobayashi T, et al. (2008). Hydrogen production via steam reforming of ethyl alcohol over nano-structured indium oxide catalysts. J Power Sources, 179, 566... 

The obtained information about the acidic/basic character can be correlated with the adsorption possibilities. The possibility of some solid material to adsorb (or modify) the atmospheric or water pollutant depends very often on these features. Therefore, there are literature sources that report the correlations between acidity/basicity of different materials and their abilities in pollutants abatement. For example, balanced acidic/basic properties are indispensable for an efficient conversion of NOx, that is, high activity and selectivity, over a broad temperature range. In case of alumina-supported indium oxide catalysts, microcalorimetry of ammonia and SO2adsorption helped to find effective formulations [41],... 

Figure Bl.25.9(a) shows the positive SIMS spectrum of a silica-supported zirconium oxide catalyst precursor, freshly prepared by a condensation reaction between zirconium ethoxide and the hydroxyl groups of the support [17]. Note the simultaneous occurrence of single ions (Ff, Si, Zr and molecular ions (SiO, SiOFf, ZrO, ZrOFf, ZrtK. Also, the isotope pattern of zirconium is clearly visible. Isotopes are important in the identification of peaks, because all peak intensity ratios must agree with the natural abundance. In addition to the peaks expected from zirconia on silica mounted on an indium foil, the spectrum in figure Bl. 25.9(a)...

Vniios A process for catalytically pyrolyzing hydrocarbons to low molecular weight alkenes, similar to catalytic cracking but more efficient. The catalyst is either potassium vanadate on corundum or indium oxide on pumice. Developed by the All-Union Research Institute for Organic Synthesis, Moscow. 

The main properties of alumina-supported indium oxide (hi203) catalysts with In loadings between 2 and 22 mass%, prepared by impregnation, have been... 

O. (2006) An oxidation-resistant indium tin oxide catalyst support for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 161, 893 - 900. 

OzaM Y, Suzuki S, Morimitsu M, Matsunaga M (2000) Enhanced long-term stability of SnO -based CO gas sensors modified by sulfuric acid treatment. Sens Actuators B Chem 62 220-225 Panchapakesan B, DeVoe DL, Widmaier MR, Cavicchi R, Steve SS (2001) Nanoparticle engineering and control of tin oxide microstructures for chemical microsensor applications. Nanotechnology 12 336-349 Papadopoulos CA, Vlachos DS, Avaritsiotis JN (1997) Effect of surface catalysts on the long-term performance of reactively sputtered tin and indium oxide gas sensors. Sens Actuators B Chem 42 95-101 Park CO, Akbar SA (2003) Ceramics for chemical sensing. J Mater Sci 38 4611-4637... 

Santra S, MajeeA, HajraA(2012)Nano indium oxide an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles in aqueous media. Tet Lett 53 1974-1977 Deobald AM, Camargo LRS, Alves D, Zukerman-Schpector J, Corre AG, Paix ao MW (2011) Click chemistry an efficient synthesis of heterocycles substituted with steroids, sapo-nins, and digitalis analogues. Synthesis 24 4003-4010... 

In 2009, Reddy et al. [150] reported the use of a nano-indium oxide as a recyclable catalyst for the ligand-free thiol arylation with both aryl bromides and iodides. The specific conditions were In Oj nanoparticles (3 mol%) and KOH (2 equiv) in DMSO for 24 h at 135 ° C. The scope was clearly demonstrated affording high yields of the product. The catalyst could be recovered by ultracentrifugation and reused up to four times without much loss in activity. 

FIGURE 3.12 Normalized activity of three separate 40 wt% platinum catalysts. Average of three separate tests and limits of error are plotted. (Reprinted from Journal of Power Sources, 161, Chhina, H. et al. An oxidation-resistant indium tin oxide catalyst support for proton exchange membrane fuel cells, 893 900, Copyright (2006), with permission from Elsevier.)... 

The platinum-group metals (PGMs), which consist of six elements in Groups 8— 10 (VIII) of the Periodic Table, are often found collectively in nature. They are mthenium, Ru rhodium, Rh and palladium, Pd, atomic numbers 44 to 46, and osmium. Os indium, Ir and platinum, Pt, atomic numbers 76 to 78. Corresponding members of each triad have similar properties, eg, palladium and platinum are both ductile metals and form active catalysts. Rhodium and iridium are both characterized by resistance to oxidation and chemical attack (see Platinum-GROUP metals, compounds). 

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