INDEX irradiation

The photostabilizing efficiency of polymer-bound HALS in i-PP and E-P copolymers were studied and compared with commercial HALS (i.e., Tinuvin 770 and Chimassorb 944) by measuring the carbonyl index at 1720 cm. Plots of carbonyl index versus irradiation... 

Figure 2 Plot of carbonyl index versus irradiation time in i-PP films at 0.2 wt% concentration of stabilizers.

Figure 4 Changes in (a) carbonyl index and (b) hydroxyl index versus irradiation time for polystyrene films. O-con-trol -2,4-DHBP -2H-4MBP -2H-4BB X-DHBP-F A-HMBP-F and D-HBBP-F.

On this background the dividing of absolute bioluminescence intensity to viable bacterial cells quantity gave the relative index Fi, showing proceeding activation of a DNA reparation with maximum value Fi = 282.85 at highest dose of the UV-irradiation (Fig. 4). 

For the application of QDs to three-dimensional biological imaging, a large two-photon absorption cross section is required to avoid cell damage by light irradiation. For application to optoelectronics, QDs should have a large nonlinear refractive index as well as fast response. Two-photon absorption and the optical Kerr effect of QDs are third-order nonlinear optical effects, which can be evaluated from the third-order nonlinear susceptibility, or the nonlinear refractive index, y, and the nonlinear absorption coefficient, p. Experimentally, third-order nonlinear optical parameters have been examined by four-wave mixing and Z-scan experiments. 

The carbonyl index obtained from transmission and ATR spectra of PP films UV-irradiated (L2) in ozone shows that the concentration of carbonyl groups at the surface is 8 times higher than in a bulk. 

Figure 5 Left thermo-oxidative carbonyl index vs oven ageing times at 90°C. Right photo-oxidative carbonyl index vs irradiation time after exposure to UV radiation (300-800 nm wavelength). In each case, the carbonyl index is based on the intensity of the mid-infrared absorption at 1,720 cm-1 normalised against sample film thickness, d, which was 290 gm. Reprinted from Corrales et al. [13]. Copyright 2002, with permission from Elsevier. 

Picosecond pedestal, 143 Pin-hole camera, 128 Plasma channels, 112, 147, 148 Plasma defocusing, 84, 91 Plasma frequency, 166 Plasma index of refraction, 147 Plasma mirror (PM) technique, 194 Plasma wakefield acceleration, 172 Plasma wavelength, 166 Plasma-induced effects, 83 Polarization, 97 Polarization control, 87 Ponderomotive force, 170 Population inversions, 19 Post-irradiation spectroscopy, 156 Pre-pulse, 143 Propagation, 81 Protein, 102 Pump depletion, 151... 

The gratings can also be made in situ by holographic irradiation as was demonstrated for low molecular stilbenes in a polystyrene matrix [197]. Here, the spatial modulation of gain dominates over the refractive index modulation in its contribution to optical feedback. The principles of holographic irradiation will be described in Section VIII, which discusses photosensitive materials. 

After irradiation of fullerenes C60 in the cell medium, ROS production has been detected, and this index increased as follow fullerene C60 < fullerene C60-compos-ite-1 < fullerene C -composite-2. As one may see from the data presented in Table 6.1, the rate of ROS generation elevated nearly twice after absorption of light in predetermined range by fullerenes C60, if fullerene C60 was bound to the surface of aminopropylaerosyl, and threefold, if anthracenal that absorbs at X = 357nm was introduced to the content of composite. 

The rate of MTT reduction was determined adding the agent to cell incubation medium on 0.5,2, and 5 h after irradiation of samples. In the case of non-irradiation of fiillerenes C60 in incubation medium, the indexes of total metabolic state of thymocytes, EAC, and L1210 cells did not alter compared to the control. 

An increase of char yield is generally reflected as an improvement in oxygen index. In the styrylpyridine based polyesters and polycarbonate an intermolecular thermally induced Diels-Alder reaction has occurred through the double bond, this increased the char yield and decreased the flammability. The Fries rearrangement, as well as dimerization and isomerization, occurred simultaneously during the UV irradiation of p-VPPB, but no dimerization or isomerization occurred for p,p -BVPDPC, probably due to steric effects. 

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