INDEX humus

Organic matter in the Carboniferous deposits mainly represents the humus type with vitrinite as a main component. The Ro index measured on the authigenic vitrinite increases towards the bottom of the deposits from 0.49 to 1.15% (Grotek 2005). These data point to a maximum palaeotemperature of about 120°C. 

Only relatively flat sites are suitable for nurseries. On sloping sites there is a risk of erosion because the soil has to be kept bare. In addition, locations where there is a risk of frost (winter frost and late frost) should not be used as nurseries, especially for the propagation of stone fruit and pears on quince rootstocks. Nurseries should preferably be set up on medium-heavy soils. Humus-rich, loamy sand soils or sandy loam soils are especially favourable. A soil index well above 50 is advisable for nurseries. 

The question arises, as to how the decomposition of water humus in the ocean proceeds. The method of estimation of oxygen decrease in water, incubated in the dark at specific temperature, is commonly applied as a qualitative index of OM decomposition. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) method was suggested to estimate the degree of purification of waste waters... 

Another possible index of erosion for chernozem soils is the content of humus, which consists mainly of particles ranging in size from 0.001 to 1 mm. The humus makes the soil cohesive the higher the humus content, the more resistant will the soil be to erosion. In water erosion, however, the humus is washed away by the water flow. This can be seen by comparing the particle size distribution for a calcareous chernozem before and after washing with water at a depth of no more than 10 mm [350] ... 

Another possible index of erosion resistance in black-earth soils is the humus content, which principally comprises particles of sizes between 0.001 to 1 mm. The humus gives the soil the quality of cohesion, and the more there is of it the better will the soil resist erosion. However, in water erosion the humus is washed away by the flow of water. This may be seen by comparing the fractional composition [505] of carbonate black earth before and after washing away by water to a depth of not more than 10 mm ... 

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