Independent-first-generation

The initial positions and momenta of the ethylene or TME molecule in each simulation were sampled from a Wigner transform of the ground state vibrational wave-function in the harmonic approximation. Each set of initial conditions was run as a single, independent simulation, i.e., using the independent first-generation approximation [63] The number of independent simulations for each system is shown in Table 2. 

Section 3 will deal with catalytic systems whose stereospecificity is mainly controlled by the chirality of the environment of the transition metal, independently of the possible chirality of the growing chain (chiral site stereocontrol). In particular, in Section 3.1 the chirality and stereospecificity of homogeneous catalytic systems based on metallocenes of different symmetries and in different experimental conditions will be reviewed. In Section 3.2 the chirality of model catalytic sites, which have been supposed for isospecific first-generation TiCl3-based and high-yield MgC -supported catalysts, is described. In Section 3.3 we will present a comparison between model catalytic sites proposed for heterogeneous and homogeneous stereospecific site-controlled catalysts. 

Bueb JL, Mousli M, Bronner C, Rouot B, Landry Y (1990) Activation of Gi-Uke proteins, a receptor-independent effect of kinins in mast cells. Mol Pharmacol 38 816—822 Burde R, Dippel E, Seifert R (1996) Receptor-independent G protein activation may account for the stimulatory effects of first-generation Hl-receptor antagonists in HL-60 cells, basophils, and mast cells. Biochem Pharmacol 51 125—131... 

Fig. 13. A special copolymer tree, rooted on a black unit, of DP = 10, and a composition of black and white units of nh = 0.6 and nw = 0.4, respectively. The transition probabilities refer here to the transition from the first to the second generation. For example, pbb is the number of black units in the second generation divided by the number of black units in the first generation, etc. In individual rooted trees, the transition probabilities differ from generation to generation. However, if all rooted trees with a black unit are considered, the transition probabilities become on average independent of the generation, if n > 0. The same holds for all white unit rooted trees...

We first note that Eq. (29), which we derived by taking the limit x — 0 of the result (26) for general x, can also be obtained by a more direct route. In the limit x —> 0, the sizes of particles in the smaller system become independent random variables drawn from n (a) the second phase can be viewed as a reservoir to which the small phase is connected. One writes the moment generating function for V(m) in the small phase as a product of xN independent moment generating functions of n (o) and then evaluates the integral over V m) by a saddle point method [36]. 

In 1990, Jacobsen et al. and Katsuki et al. independently reported asymmetric epoxidation of conjugated olefins by using complexes 9 and 10, respectively, as catalysts [29], These Mn-salen complexes were further improved to complexes 11 [30], 12 [31], and 13 [32]. The common features of these first-generation Mn-salen complexes are i) they possess C2-symmetry, ii) two sp3 carbons at the ethylenediamine moiety are replaced with chiral ones, and iii) they have tert-butyl groups or enantiopure 1-phenylpropyl groups at the C3 and C3 positions. 

Independently of each other, Lambert et al. [69] and Suzuki et al. [70] both gained access to low-generation silane dendrimers (Gl, G2) in 1995. The latter prepared a first-generation polysilane dendrimer 3 by a stepped growth polymerisation technique. Coupling of methyl[tris(chlorodimethylsilyl)]silane (1) to tris-(trimethylsilyl)silyllithiurn (2) led to the first-generation branched dendrimer 3 (Fig. 4.38). 

Path B in Fig. 2 is the convergent method. It is the outside-inward method, proposed independently by Miller and Neenan [9] and by Hawker and Frechet [10]. This method is well suited when the branch point is an aromatic ring. As an example of the convergent process we show in Scheme 3 the preparation of poly(benzyl ether) dendrimers. The phenol functionality of 2,5-dihydroxyben-zyl alcohol is first protected by Williamson reaction with benzyl bromide to provide the first generation dendron [G-l]-OH. The benzyl alcohol in [G-l]-OH is then converted to the benzyl bromide form [G-1]-Br. This in turn reacts with... 

Hence it suffices to show that the two probabilities are equal. This is clear, because the new probabilities par,prek defined by the independent random generation of many one-time key pairs and can therefore be partitioned, and the additional information that is given in the condition in the first probability, but not in the second one, does not concern the one-time key pair (skp mki). (The only point where one might expect a problem is the one-time signature immediately above Node I, because there, mk is a part of the message. But even that does not restrict the possible values skp) ... 

The first generation of drugs that targeted other steroid receptors was found by a similar history from natural sources. Estrone was isolated in 1929 as the first natural estrogenic hormone independently by the chemists E. A. Doisy and A. Butenandt from the urine of pregnant women, and its chemical structure was elucidated 1932 by A. Butenandt [14]. In 1938, H. H. Inhoffen achieved for the first time the synthesis of estradiol from cholesterol (Scheme 1.2). The first synthesis of ethinyl-estradiol, which has an improved oral bioavailability, was published in 1938 by H. H. Inhoffen and W. Hohlweg [15]. This discovery would later become one of the cornerstones of modern female fertility control and, even today, ethinyl-estradiol is an important component of many oral contraceptives. 

Flumerfelt and Prieditis (40) performed a similar gas-only injection into a 7-pm2 bead pack. A foam was first generated under conditions of simultaneous injection of gas and surfactant solution at a variety of gas rates but at fixed liquid rates. After steady state was reached, liquid flow was discontinued, and the foam was allowed to decay until continuous gas was produced. It was demonstrated that the permeability of the bead pack to gas at the first appearance of effluent continuous gas was 2 orders of magnitude less than the foam-free case, and that this permeability was independent of gas and initial liquid flow rates. It was concluded that the number of channels available to carry gas was 100 times less in the presence of foam than in the foam-free case. 

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