Incidental carcinoma

Carcangiu ML, Peissel B, Pasini B, et al. Incidental carcinomas in prophylactic specimens in BRCAl and BRCA2 germ-line mutation carriers, with emphasis on fallopian tube lesions Report of 6 cases and review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol. 2006 30 1222-1230. 

Alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas or carcinomas Sarcomas and fibrosarcomas Carcinomas and adenocarcinomas p < 0.05 Fisher s exact test or incidental tumour test p< 0.01 Fisher s exact test /)< 0.001 Fisher s exact test... 

Cancer. Increased incidences of relatively rare renal tubular cell adenomas and carcinomas were observed in male rats, but the increases were not statistically significant by the Fisher Exact test or the Cochran-Armitage test (NTP 1986). When adjusted for mortality, however, the increased incidences were significantly different from control in the high-dose males when analyzed by the Lifetable test and significant for dose-related trend by the Lifetable and the Incidental Tumor tests. 

Among all human cancers, DAs have the highest frequency of KRAS alterations, the oncogene being constitutively activated in approximately 90% of DAs. 07,136-139,141-145 However, it is important to point out that KRAS mutations are seen even in earliest forms of neoplastic transformation (namely PanIN-lA) they are a common incidental finding in pancreas, as well as in patients with chronic pancreatitis lacking invasive carcinoma thus they are by no means specific for cancer. Other oncogenes that are found to be activated in pancreatic cancer include AIBl, BRAF, c-MYC, and... 

Pathological criteria for classifying thyroid cancer may show discrepancies in the differentiation between foUicu-lar adenoma and minimally invasive follicular carcinoma, and between follicular neoplasia and the folficular variant of papillary carcinoma (Lloyd et al., 2004 Saxen et ai, 1978). The inclusion of papillary microcarcinomas (1.0 cm or less in diameter), which are usually incidental findings or detected by the use of ultrasound-guided thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (Lin et al., 1997), the existence of radioactive fallout, which may lead to an increase of differentiated thyroid carcinoma and a rise in population age with time, should also be taken into account when analyzing the epidemiology of thyroid cancer. 

CT has a limited role in the evaluation of the urethra. Certain urethral abnormalities such as calculi or diverticula may be incidentally discovered at CT performed for other indications. CT is useful in patients with pelvic trauma (Chou et al. 2005) and associated urethral injuries and for staging of urethral carcinoma. CT virtual cystoscopy and voiding urethrography can be indicated in patients with complex urethral strictures and malformations. 

This is in conjunction with the findings of Homma et al. (Homma et al. 1995), who found that, in 1985, 13% of all renal cell carcinomas were found incidentally, increasing to 73% in 1993. 

It is clear that in case of true positive findings, such as the early diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm or renal cell carcinoma, patients will benefit from incidental extracolonic findings. 

RCC is the third most common genitourinary tumor and accounts for 3% of all malignancies in adults. The tumor usually is detected in older patients. Some known risk factors for renal cell carcinoma are von Hippel-Lindau disease and smoking. With the increased use of ultrasound, MRI and CT, the detection rate of carcinomas in an asymptomatic state is increasing. These incidentally detected tumors usually have smaller size, lower tumor stage, and better survival rates of the patients. 

Sweeney JP, Thornhill JA, Graiger R, McDermott TE, Butler MR (1996) Incidentally detected renal cell carcinoma pathological features, survival trends and implications for treatment. Br J Urol 78 351-353 Tuncali K, vanSonnenberg E, Shankar S, Mortele KJ, Cibas ES, Silverman SG (2004) Evaluation of patients referred for percutaneous ablation of renal tumors importance of a preprocedural diagnosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 183 575-582... 

An abdominal ultrasound is mandatory in the evaluation of cadaveric donors, especially to exclude chronic diseases of the donor organ and to exclude incidental tumors. Tosaka et al. (1990) reported a prevalence of 0.04 of incidental renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the general population. However, this prevalence appears to be higher in the cadaveric potential population (Carver et al. 1999). Intrapa-renchymatous RCC are usually not detected during graft inspection in bench, so renal ultrasound (US) of the donor is essential. 

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