Incentives local

H2 station and vehicle funding incentives (local, state, federal) H2 programmes in 30 states... 

Wlien ownership rights are less well defined, or not easily defended, the incentives for resource owners to efficiently use resources in a safe, non—polluting way, are decreased or removed. Individuals are less likely to take expensive, time-consuming action to protect a resource that they do not own, and by which they are not directly affected financially. For instance, most landowners would be quick to take action to prevent garbage generated by a local business from piling up in their own backyard. However, they would be less likely to take actions to prevent the same business from polluting a nearby lake or river. The reason is that any one individual has less direct, or at least less obvious, interest in the lake or river, than they do in their own property—and usually less ability to affect the outcome. 

Industrial customers, early a driving force in the industry, began to react not only to local utility incentives but also to more competitive pricing opportuni-... 

Often the reason a given plant site is chosen is that special incentives have been offered by local authorities. In the mid-1960s, when money for financing was hard to obtain and interest rates were high, tax-free municipal bonds were an important lure. Tax-free means the investor does not need to pay taxes on his earnings. This means the bonds can be sold at lower interest rates and the company saves money. In 1967, 1,500,000,000 worth of these industrial bonds were issued. In 1968 the Department of Internal Revenue announced that in the future bonds used to finance private industry would be taxed regardless of who issued them. However, since then various loopholes have developed. Municipal bonds used to finance public projects such as schools, roads, and fire stations are still not taxed, since many communities would be unable to finance these projects at commercial interest rates. 

In October 2000, the latest revision of the Declaration of Helsinki was approved by the WMA (see Appendix 1). The new version is very different from previous versions, with more detail on how clinical trials should be conducted. It requires that study subjects should have access to the best treatment identified by the study once the study has been completed. It also recommends that local participants in a study should be able to benefit from the study results, whether they are positive or negative. These principles were approved to avoid the exploitation of economically poor countries. In addition, the Declaration requires greater transparency regarding economic incentives involved in clinical research. 

Similarly, crime networks can be disrupted by identifying the weak links in a criminal commodity chain, or by targeting those actors whose skills are in relatively short supply. For example, in 2000/2001, Australian law enforcement was able to significantly disrupt local heroin trafficking networks by focusing on the relatively small number of brokers who brought together suppliers, financiers, skilled traffickers, and street distributors. This tack would be less successful where the skills needed to conduct the criminal activity, as well as the incentives to do so, are widespread. 

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