In vitro somatic hybridization

Preparation of rodent monoclonal antibodies by in vitro somatic hybridization... 

Positive results from the in vitro micronucleus test indicate that the test substance induces chromosome damage and/or damage to the cell division apparams, in cultured mammahan somatic cells. Immunochemical labehng (FISH fluorescence in sim hybridization) of kinetochores, or hybridization with general or chromosome specific centromeric/telomeric probes can provide useful information on the mechanism of micronucleus formation. Use of cytokinesis block facilitates the acquisition of the additional mechanistic information (e.g., chromosome nondisjunction) that can be obtained by FISH techniques. The micronucleus assay has a number of advantages over metaphase analysis performed to measure chromosome aberrations (see OECD TG 487 draft). 

Somatic cell hybridization The in vitro fusion of animal cells derived from somatic cells that differ genetically. 

Tada M et al (2001) Nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells by in vitro hybridization with ES cells. Curr Biol 11 (19) 1553-1558... 

The presence of substances which activated differentiation can be assumed on the basis of experiments with somatic hybrids of hamster ovary cells and human fibroblasts. In this case, three new types of esterase are synthesized in the heterokaryons. They are similar to esterases from the hamster ovary which, however, are not synthesized in these cells during in vitro cell cultivation. The synthesis of these esterases depends upon the presence of a specific human chromosome which apparently controls the synthesis of an activating substance (Fa Ten Kao and Puck, 1972 Davidson, 1974 a, b). 

Yerganian, G., and Nell, M. (1966). Hybridization of dwarf hamster cells by UV-inactivated Sendai virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Set. U.S. 55, 1066-1073. Yoshida, M. C., and Ephhcssi, B. (1967). Isolation and karyological characteristics of seven hybrids between somatic mouse cells in vitro. J. Cell. Physiol. 69, 33-44. 

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