In vitro reports

Schreurs, R., et al.. Estrogenic activity of UV filters determined by an in vitro reporter gene assay and an in vivo transgenic zebrafish assay. Arch. Toxicol, 76, 257-61, 2002. 

Freitas, J., Cano, P, Craig-Veit, C., Goodson, M.L., Furlowe, Murk, A.J. (2009). Detection of thyroid hormone receptor disrupters by a novel stable in vitro reporter gene assay. Submitted. 

Legler, J., Deimekamp, M., Vethaak, A.D., Brouwer, A., Koeman, J.H., Van der Burg, B., Murk, A. J. (2002). Detection of estrogenic activity in sediment-associated compounds using in vitro reporter gene assays. Science of The Total Environment 293 69-83. 

One of the earliest studies addressing the antioxidant activity of various procyanidins in vitro reported strong scavenging activity against free radicals such as the stable radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and the oxygen free radicals O-2 and HO, as assessed by ESR spectroscopy. 

Ogg MS, Gray TJ, Gibson GG. Development of an in vitro reporter gene assay to assess xenobiotic induction of the human CYP3A4 gene. Eur J Drug Metab Phar-macokinet 1997 22 311-313. 

AMAKURA Y, TSUTSUMI T, NAKAMURA M, KITAGAWA H, FUJINO J, SASAKI K, TOYODA M, YOSHIDA T and MAITANI T (2003) Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by some vegetable constituents determined using in vitro reporter gene assay, Biol Pharm Bull. 26, 532-539. 

G80BP-A 5 -AAGGAGGAGA-3 binding sites In vitro (Reporter plasmid) — (15)... 

Araki N, Ohno K, Nakai M, Takeyoshi M, Iida M. Screening for androgen receptor activities in 253 industrial chemicals by in vitro reporter gene assays using AR-EcoScreen cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2005 19 831-42. 

Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 2005 112 524-31. 

Bremer S, Worth A P, Paparella M, et al. (2001). Establishment of an in vitro reporter gene assay for developmental cardiac toxicity. Toxicol. In Vitro. 15 215-223. 

The overwhelming theme from in vitro studies is that endogenous caimabinoids cause vasorelaxation. However, as will be seen later, this does not simply translate into the in vivo simation. The first in vitro report that anandamide was a vasodilator came from Ellis et al. (1995), who demonstrated that anandamide caused cerebrovascular vasodilatation. Subsequent studies also demonstrated that anandamide was a vasorelaxant in the rat isolated mesenteric and coronary vasculatures (Randall et al., 1996 Randall and Kendall, 1997). 

Pennwalt Corporation (1987b) Tetrahydrothlophene. Metaphase chromosome analysis of human lymphocytes cultures In vitro (Report PWT 58/87411). Cited in International Uniform Chemical Information Database (lUCLID). 

Wagner, M., Han, B., and Jessell, T. M (1992) Regional differences in retinoid release from embryonic neural tissue detected by an in vitro reporter assay. Development 116, 55-66. 

True estimates of for cellulose synthase, however, are still problematic. Delmer (1993, personal communications), for example, has noted that the rates for cellulose synthesis in vitro reported by Li et al. (1993) were no more than 5% of those occurring in vivo during primary wall synthesis. 

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