In-situ fabrication

Yoshimura M, Suchanek W (1997) In situ fabrication of morphology-controlled advanced ceramic materials by Soft Solution Processing. Solid State Ionics 98 197-208 Yu S-H, Yoshimura M (2002) Feriite/metal composites fabricated by soft solution processing. Adv Funct Mater 12 9-15... 

Since the packing process always includes several steps, it requires specific skills to prepare highly efficient capillaries reproducibly. Obviously, the procedures described above are not trivial and the results obtained with each of them may differ substantially [52]. Table 4 compares data obtained for capillaries packed using four different methods [53]. The major challenge appears to be the in situ fabrication of retention frits. Tapered ends of the capillary columns introduced recently may help to solve this serious problem [54,55]. The other problem is rearrangement of beads in the bed affected by their electromigration. 

All these methods are solving the problem of column stability since the fused beads cannot move. However, these approaches often do not avoid the in situ fabrication of frits, one of the critical operations in the preparation of CEC columns. 

To better understand the diffusion-limited school of thought mentioned above, it is worth digressing momentarily on another noble -metal electrode system silver on YSZ. Kleitz and co-workers conducted a series of studies of silver point-contact microelectrodes, made by solidifying small (200—2000 //m) silver droplets onto polished YSZ surfaces. Following in-situ fabrication, the impedance of these silver microelectrodes was measured as a function of T (600-800 °C), P02 (0.01-1.0 atm), and droplet radius. As an example. Figure 9a shows a Nyquist plot of the impedance under one set of conditions, which the authors resolve into two primary components, the largest (most resistive) occurring at very low frequency (0.01—0.1 Hz) and the second smaller component at moderately low frequency ( 10 Hz). 

Binh, V. T. (1988a). In situ fabrication and regeneration of microtips for scanning tunneling microscopy. J. Microscopy, 152, Pt 2, 355-361. 

Penner, N.A., Slentz, B.E., Regnier, F., Capillary electrochromatography on microchips with in situ fabricated particles. Micro Total Analysis Systems, Proceedings 5th p7AS Symposium, Monterey, CA, Oct. 21-25, 2001, 559-560. 

Moorthy, J., Beebe, D.J., In situ fabricated porous filters for microsystems. Lab-chip, 2003, 3, 62-66. 

Table 21 Summary of the results obtained for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions conducted using an in situ fabricated PA-TAP-Pd membrane...

Shang et al. (61) used microemulsion polymerization to synthesize MWCNT-PMMA composites for gas sensor applications. Better dispersion, enhanced electrical conductivity and better sensor response was observed for in-situ fabricated composites compared to composites prepared by solution mixing. Ma et al. (62) performed in-situ polymerization of MWCNT-PMMA composites in the presence of an AC electric field to study dispersion and alignment of MWCNT in PMMA matrix induced by the electric field. Experimental evidences from in-situ optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, SEM and electrical conductivity showed that both dispersion and alignment qualities were significantly enhanced for oxidized MWCNT compared to pristine MWCNT. 

Figure 7.4. Microstructure of the in-situ fabricated MWCNT-PMMA composite (a) using untreated tubes, (b) treated tubes and improved in-situ process. The bright masses are CNTs wrapped with PMMA layers. Reprinted with permission from Elsevier (23).

Figure 7.10. Microstructure of the 3.0 wt% in-situ fabricated a-MWCNT-PMMA composite. Reprinted with permission from John Wiley Sons, Inc (25).

Chen, J., Wang, X., and Zhang, Z. 2008b. In situ fabrication of mesoporous CdS nanoparticles in microemulsion by gamma ray irradiation. Mater. Lett. 62 787-790. 

Y. Ma, S.R. Ali, L. Wang, P.L. Chiu, R. Mendelsohn, and H. He, In situ fabrication of a water-soluble, self-doped polyaniline nanocomposite the unique role of DNA functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, 12064—12065 (2006). 

In situ FABRICATION OF MESOSCOPIC CONDUCTING POLYMER HETEROLAYERS SUPERLATTICE... 

Low-pressure plastic laminates are cured under pressures of 0 to 2.8 MPa (0 to 400 psi), permitting in situ fabrication of completed parts by filament winding or by use of a prepreg, a tape in which the fiber is contained in a partially cured... 

This process needs careful handling of microtools with in situ fabrication. 

In situ fabricated microtool (a) without insulation, (b) with sidewall insulation, and (c) microtool tip with insulation film [4]. 

D. Zhu, K. Wang, N.S. Qu, Micro wire electrochemical cutting by using in situ fabricated wire electrode, Annals of the CIRP 56 (1) (2007) 241-244. 

Simms HM, Brotherton CM, Good BT et al (2005) In situ fabrication of macroporous polymer networks within microfluidic devices by living radical photopolymerization and leaching. Lab Chip 5 151-157... 

Cai et at developed PEDOT/PbTe composite by adding PbTe nanoparticles into a polymerization media [20]. The PEDOT nanotubes were in-situ fabricated by an interfacial polymerization method. The PbTe nanoparticles (-20-50 nm) acted as solid stabilizer and were adsorbed on the surface of the PEDOT nanotubes at the acetonitrile/n-hexane interface (Figure 6.10). The materials exhibit extremely large Seebeck coefficient values, which is promising for TE applications. 

The composite of PbTe and polymer is generally formed by in situ fabrication [20,22]. Wang et al. fabricated PbTe-PANI composite with PbTe/PANi/ PbTe three-layer sphere-like nanostructures [22]. Although the electrical conductivity of the PbTe/PANI/PbTe composite is lower than that of the PbTe nanoparticle, the Seebeck coefficient reached 578-626 pV/K, which is much higher than those of both the PbTe nanoparticle and PANI, resulting in a high power factor of 63.5-86.2 pW/mK (Table 6.5). These results... 

Using the methods to perform tasks beyond traditional MSL part building, such as for the in situ fabrication of objects inside living cells and living systems... 

Kitamura M, Nishioka M, Oshinowo J, Arakawa Y. In situ fabrication of self-aligned InGaAs quantum dots on GaAs multiatomic steps by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Appl Phys Lett 1995 66 3663-5. 

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