In-series connection

The following connecting rules are based on the above analogy heat resistance R in series connection... 

The advantages of continuous tubular reactors are well known. They include the elimination of batch to batch variations, a large heat transfer area and minimal handling of chemical products. Despite these advantages there are no reported commercial instances of emulsion polymerizations done in a tubular reactor instead the continuous emulsion process has been realized in series-connected stirred tank reactors (1, . ... 

IV administration Administer over a period of 30 to 120 minutes. Do not use IV infusion bag in series connections. Do not introduce additives into this solution. Do not administer concomitantly with another drug administer each drug separately. Compatible IV solutions 5% dextrose injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection lactated Ringer s injection. 

Fig. 10.2 Schematic diagram of a monopolar and bipolar electrodes in series connections...

In a bipolar arrangement, the sacrificial electrodes are placed between the two parallel electrodes without any electrical connection. The two monopolar electrodes are connected to the electric power source with no interconnections between the sacrificial electrodes. This cell arrangement provides a simple setup, which facilitates easy maintenance. When an electric current is passed through the two electrodes, the neutral sides of the conductive plate will be transformed to charged sides, which have opposite charge compared with the parallel side beside it. The sacrificial electrodes are known as bipolar electrodes. It has been reported that EC cell with monopolar electrodes in series connection was more effective where aluminum electrodes were used as sacrificial and iron was used as anode and cathode. And, electrocoagulation with Fe/Al (anode/cathode) was more effective for the treatment process than Fe/Fe electrode pair (Modirshahla et al. 2007). 

The circuit elements can be connected in series or in parallel. The basic rule for the calculation of the circuits is for an electric circuit with elements in series connection, the total impedance is the sum of the impedances of the individual elements for an electric circuit with elements in parallel connection, the total... 

Figure 4.4b shows the simulated Nyquist plot of resistance and a CPE in series connection, in a complex-plane impedance diagram. More examples of the effect of parameters on the spectra can be found in Appendix D (Model D3). 

Figure 4.6a shows the circuit of a resistor and an inductor in series connection. Based on the primary rules, the overall impedance of this circuit is expressed as... 

Figure 4.6. a Resistor and inductor in series (Model D5) b Nyquist plot of resistor and inductor in series connection over the frequency range 1 MHz to 1 mHz (Model D5 R = 10 a, L = 0.0001 H)... 

The parameters relevant to intrinsic safety, no-load voltage and short-circuit current of the stand-alone circuits are Uw and Iscl = Uv, /Ri or U2Q and Isc2 = U2o/R2, respectively. In series connection, itv may exceed the voltage limitation of, e.g., a capacitive circuit. The short-circuit current Isc can be divided into ... 

A tandem device that achieves the direct cleavage of water into hydrogen and oxygen by visible light was developed in collaboration with two partner groups from the Universities of Geneva and Bern [123]. This is based on the in-series connection of two photosystems. A thin transparent film of nanocrystalline tungsten trioxide or ferric oxide absorbs the blue part of the solar spectrum (Eq. (63)). 

Thus, a turbomolecular pump consists of several in-series-connected individual pumping stages which are in turn formed by parallel connection of many elementary molecular pumps. 

The mercury content of the cells has been lowered from 0.6 wt % at the beginning to 0.1 wt % in series connected cells and to 0.025 % in single cells and has become zero in 1992. 

Valve-Less Rectification Pumps, Fig. 9 Two halfbridges in tandem. Rather than for suppressing the pulsation with the full-wave bridge of Fig. 7, the two driving phases may be used, as shown here, for generating a higher output pressure in series-connected half-bridges... 

If there is a circuit consisting of a resistor and a capacitor in series connected to the voltage source V, the voltage applied to the system is the sum of the potentials on the resistance (ohmic drop) and on the capacitance ... 

All strains and stresses ate supposed to be uniform and homogeneous in the whole volume of each particle in all phases. Mutual interactions are realized at the phase interfaces. Strains and stresses ate distributed in a different manner for the different components as well as for the different volume distributions of the phases. Let us demonstrate the approximation for series and parallel connection of two phases (Fig. 7.25). In series connection, stress component along X3-ditection is the same in all phases, while the strain is different in the phases due to the different stiffness On the contraiy, strains ate the same in both phases in the direction perpendicular to the x3-axis, while the stresses are distributed differently in both phases. Assuming all interface conditions, following effective material properties could be calculated (similar method is applied also to the parallel connection of the elements)... 

Lumped inductors in series connection are usually described by the n model as shown in Figure 9.59. The shunt capacitors depict the parasitic capacitances of coil windings to ground. Capacitive coupling between windings cause the self-resonance frequency /, as shown in Equation 9.38. Because of increasing effective inductance values in the vicinity of a parallel resonance, the inductors can only be used far below the self-resonance frequency (Figure 9.60). 

Figure 5.10 Three column coupling containing contained 5 [im Deltabond CN particles, the two packed cyano columns in series connected CN-2 column contained 7 [im Brownlee CN to a cation exchange column coated with silver particles, and the silver-coated particles in the nitrate. The inner diameters were 1 mm and the Ag column were 10[im Partisil SCX. column lengths were 10cm. The CN-1 column...

Figure 29 shows an integrated generator with 18 cells in series connection which is used as a power supply for operation at 6 V. The total material cost according to the processing described amount approximately 20 /m. ... 

An integrated generator with an efficiency of 4,8 % consists of 8 cells (42 cm active area each) in series connection. The IV-characteristic of this integrated generator is shown in figure 31. 

Apart from the usual adsorptive dryer station, additional adsorption steps can serve to remove trace components (e.g. sulphur compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ester, other odorants, aromatics, etc.). All molsieves and all types of activated carbon are used as adsorbents, but also zinc and ferric oxides which, in contrast to the dryers, are usually not regenerated in situ but have to be replaced by fresh adsorbents after saturation. According to the quantity of the component(s) to be removed, adsorption occurs in single adsorbers or in series-connected twin-adsorbers. This series-connection (also called Lead/Lag configuration) is designed in such a way that the container with the unloaded adsorbent follows the active one during normal operation of the plant. When the adsorption capacity of the active adsorber is exhausted, it is taken out of operation and the vessel with the fresh adsorbent is turned into the active one. The loaded adsorbent can be replaced by a fresh one while the plant is kept in operation. 

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